What are the chances?

Give me the title of the movie.

She had me at my worst, you
had me at my best pero binale-
wala mo lang lahat ‘yon.
-Popoy
One More Chance
May CHANCE pa ba?
 What is Probability?

It is a branch of Mathematics that

enables us to predict
occurrences of an event.
 There are 2 types of Probability

Experimental Probability

Theoretical Probability
 Theoretical Probability
• Computed based on the
sample space

• No experiments are
performed
 Sample Space
 If you would roll a 6 sided die, the
possible outcomes would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
or 6.
The sample space therefore can be denoted
as

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6
 Experimental Probability of
an Event

P(E) =Number of favorable outcomes of E

Total number of Possible outcomes
 Properties of Probability
 The probability of an event must lie
between 0 and 1
0 < P(E) < 1
 If P(E) = 0, then it is an IMPOSSIBLE event

 if P(E) = 1, then it is a SURE event

 Properties of Probability
 The sum of the probabilities for a
given sample space is equal to 1

If S = {S1, S2, … , Sn} Then

P(S1) + P(S2) +…+ P(Sn) = 1
 Sample Space
 If you would roll a 6 sided die, the
possible outcomes would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
or 6.
The sample space therefore can be denoted
as

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6
 Question:
1. What is the Probability of getting an odd
number?
E = {1, 2, 3}
n(E) = 3
P(E) = 3/6
= 1/2 or 0.5 or 50%
 Question:
2. What is the Probability of getting a
number less than 5?
E = {1, 2, 3, 4}
n(E) = 4
P(E) = 4/6
= 2/3 or 0.67 or 67%
 Let’s Solve
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
2 (2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
3 (3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
4 (4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
5 (5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
6 (6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)
Question:
3. What is the probability that the sum of
the numbers is 5?
E = {(1,4), (4,1), (2,3), (3,2)}
n(E) = 4
P(E) = 4/36
= 1/9
Question:
4. A bag contains TEN balls, (2)
Volleyballs, (5) Basketballs and (3)
Footballs. If you reach in and get a
ball without looking, What is the
probability of getting a volleyball
from the bag?
 Solution:
n(E) =2
P(E) = 2/10
= 1/5 or 0.2 or 20%
a. Winning the math contest?

E = {Win}
n(E) = 15
P(E) = 15/20
= ¾ or 0.75
b. Losing the math contest?

E = {Lose}
n(E) = 5
P(E) = 5/20
= ¼ or 0.25