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Engineering Design: BITS Pilani
Engineering Design: BITS Pilani
Engineering Design: BITS Pilani
• Morphological analysis
• Decision Making
• Evaluation Methods
• Summary
https://www.cpp.com/products/mbti/index.aspx
• Second Category: What a person pays attention to: Sensory vs. Intuition
• Fourth Category: What kind of outlook on life a person adopts: Judgment vs.
Perception
– Be persistent
Priming or
provision of cues
• Brainstorming:
• The overall aim of brainstorming is to obtain several creative
ideas that might work as solution principles for development of
product.
• All team members are encouraged to be open and uninhibited
during the initial session of brainstorming.
• Generally, group with 5-15 people participate in brainstorming
session. Usually, session will continue for 30-45 minutes.
• Avoid hierarchically structured groups.
• Drawbacks:
– What? What happens if X occurs? What resulted in success? What resulted in failure?
– Why? Why is this done? Why is that particular rule, action, solution, problem, failure
involved?
– How? How could it be done, should it be done, prevented, improved, changed, made?
• Five Whys:
– Ideas that may have potential after more thought or research are applied.
– Ideas that are very unfeasible and have no chance of becoming good solutions.
• “If one generate one idea it will probably be a poor idea; if one generates many ideas, one
good idea might exist for further development” (Ullman, 1992).
• The emphasis is on attaining a correct description of what the product is to do as a system
of functions.
• Functional modeling provides a basis for organizing the design team, tasks, and process.
• Derived or generated directly from the customer needs.
• The function defines clear boundaries to associate assemblies or subassemblies of the
final design solutions.
• What is function?
• A function of a product is a statement of a clear, reproducible relationships between the
available input and the desired output of a product, independent on any particular form.
• Usually just a “ Noun and an active verb” Examples “ Chop beans”, “ Clip nails”
• The relation between the various sub-functions and functions are often governed by
constrains or input – output relations.
• Abstraction:
• It is the process of ignoring what is particular or incidental and emphasizing what is
general and essential.
How Why
Energy Energy
Dish washer
Mechanical Pencil
ETZC 413 – E N G IN E ERIN G D E S IG N 35 BITS-Pilani
A p n eumatic n a i ler
• Steps:
1. Consider each product function in the fundamental model and each module of the
product architecture
3. In the first column of the matrix, enter the current solution to the function or module, if
the product already exists
4. Apply concept generation methods (such as TIPS etc.) and record the concepts in the
columns of the matrix for each function.
ETZC 413 – E N G IN E ERIN G D E S IG N 39 BITS-Pilani
M o r phologi cal M e th ods
5. Map the range of solutions per each function to a classification scheme, such as
energy domains. Judge if the solutions are too focused or cover a good breadth.
6. If the solutions are too focused, carry out further sessions of intuitive and directed
concept generation
7. When a good breadth of ideas and technologies are realized in the morphological
matrix, combine the ideas into diverse concept variants that seek to satisfy the entire
product specification.
• These three categories are “ identifying conflicts and solving them with known
physical principles,” “ identifying new principles,” and identifying new product
functions and solving them with known or new principles.”
• Compromises is unacceptable.
Principle 1: Segmentation
Principle 40: Composite materials
• Divide an object into independent parts.
• For lighter-weight, stronger vests, the use of
• Make an object easy to disassemble.
composites is an active area of research.
Principle 26: Copying
• Polymers (Kevlar) reinforced with carbon nanofibers
• Instead of an unavailable, expensive, fragile
are currently being investigated as a strong
object, use simpler and inexpensive copies.
lightweight alternative to steel for structural
• Replace an object, or process with optical materials.
copies.
ETZC 413 – E N G IN E ERIN G D E S IG N 53 BITS-Pilani
T R IZ Exa m p l e
Conflicts is we desired heavy iron to remove the wrinkles from the cloths but we do
not want a heavy iron due to the impact on ergonomics.
8 – Principle of counterweight: Attach an object with lifting power or use the interactions
with the environment, e.g. aerodynamic lift.
1 – Principle of segmentation: Divide the object into independent parts that are easy to
dissemble, increase the degree of segmentation as much as possible.
37 – Application of thermal expansion: Use expansion or contraction of material by
heat. Use materials with different coefficient of thermal expansion.
18 – Use of mechanical vibration: Make the object vibrate. Increase the frequency of
vibration.
– Principle 21: Rushing Through Inflate the air bag faster than current practice.
– Principle 40: Composite materials Airbag material that can’t grab skin as it is deployed
• Measurement Scales
• Summary
Hypervigilance
Defensive
Vigilance
Avoidance
Decision
Making
Unconflicted Unconflicted
Adherence Change
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an effective tool to assign the appropriate work to
the particular individual.
• There are many intuitive and direct logical methods can be used for creative thinking and
effective concept generations.
• TRIZ method can be universally used in the all stages of product development. This method
will help to focus the problem in right direction.
• Pugh concept method is used for preliminary concept selection. It can be used to compare
the various concepts and rank them appropriately.