Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Roots of Cloud Computing
Roots of Cloud Computing
Roots of Cloud Computing
Hardware
Hardware Virtualization
Multi-core chips
Internet Technologies
Distributed Computing
SOA
Utility & Web 2.0
Cloud
Grid Web Services
Computing
Computing Mashups
Autonomic Computing
Data Center Automation
Systems Management
FROM MAINFRAMES TO CLOUDS
• THE “ON-DEMAND” COMPONENT OF THIS MODEL ALLOWS CONSUMERS TO ADAPT THEIR IT USAGE
TO RAPIDLY INCREASING OR UNPREDICTABLE COMPUTING NEEDS
• WEB SERVICES (WS) MAKE INFORMATION FROM ONE APPLICATION AVAILABLE TO OTHERS
• CREATION OF WS ON TOP OF COMMON TECHNOLOGIES LIKE HTTP MAKES THEM IDEAL
FOR IMPLEMENTING SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA)
• SOA ADDRESSES REQUIREMENTS OF STANDARD-BASED AND PROTOCOL-INDEPENDENT
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
• IN SOA, SOFTWARE RESOURCES ARE PACKAGED AS SERVICES WHICH ARE INDEPENDENT
FROM CONTEXT OF OTHER SERVICES
SOA, WEB SERVICES, WEB 2.0, AND
MASHUPS
• THE VALUATION IS THE AMOUNT USERS ARE WILLING TO PAY A SERVICE PROVIDER TO SATISFY THEIR
DEMANDS
• ALLOWS RUNNING MULTIPLE OPERATING SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE STACKS ON A SINGLE PHYSICAL
PLATFORM
• A SOFTWARE LAYER MEDIATES ACCESS TO THE PHYSICAL HARDWARE PRESENTING TO EACH GUEST
OPERATING SYSTEM A VIRTUAL MACHINE (VM)
• THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITOR (VMM)
• ALSO CALLED A HYPERVISOR,
• VM IS A SET OF VIRTUAL PLATFORM INTERFACES
• SEVERAL TECHNOLOGIES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO AN INCREASING ADOPTION OF VIRTUALIZATION
• MULTI-CORE CHIPS, PARA-VIRTUALIZATION, HARDWARE-ASSISTED VIRTUALIZATION, AND LIVE MIGRATION
OF VMS
HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION (CONT.)
Linux Guest OS
Hardware
HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION (CONT.)
• VMM PLATFORMS ARE THE BASIS OF MANY UTILITY OR CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION (CONT.)
• VMWARE ESXI
• A VMM FROM VMWARE
• A BARE-METAL HYPERVISOR
• INSTALLS DIRECTLY ON THE PHYSICAL SERVER
• OTHERS MAY REQUIRE A HOST OPERATING SYSTEM
• THROUGH MEMORY BALLOONING AND PAGE SHARING, IT CAN OVERCOMMIT MEMORY
• INCREASING THE DENSITY OF VMS INSIDE A PHYSICAL SERVER
• XEN
• PIONEERED THE PARA-VIRTUALIZATION CONCEPT
• THE GUEST OPERATING SYSTEM, BY MEANS OF A SPECIALIZED KERNEL, CAN INTERACT WITH THE HYPERVISOR
• SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVING PERFORMANCE
HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION (CONT.)
• KVM
• A LINUX VIRTUALIZATION SUBSYSTEM
• MEMORY MANAGEMENT AND SCHEDULING ARE CARRIED OUT BY EXISTING KERNEL FEATURES
• MAKING KVM SIMPLER AND SMALLER THAN HYPERVISORS THAT TAKE CONTROL OF THE ENTIRE MACHINE
• LEVERAGES HARDWARE-ASSISTED VIRTUALIZATION
• IMPROVES PERFORMANCE
• SUPPORTS UNMODIFIED GUEST OPERATING SYSTEMS
• SUPPORTS SOME VERSIONS OF WINDOWS, LINUX, AND UNIX
VIRTUAL APPLIANCES AND THE OPEN
VIRTUALIZATION FORMAT
1. Luo, X., Zhang, W., Li, H., Bose, R., & Chung, Q. B. (2018). Cloud computing capability: its technological
root and business impact. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 28(3), 193-213.
2. Sehgal, N. K., & Bhatt, P. C. P. (2018). Cloud Computing Pyramid. In Cloud Computing (pp. 41-50).
Springer, Cham.
3. Haris, M., & Khan, R. Z. (2018). A Systematic Review on Cloud Computing.
4. Sehgal, N. K., & Bhatt, P. C. (2018). Cloud Computing. Springer, Heidelberg
5. Craig, C. A. (2018). Cloud Anchor: An Exploration of Service Integrity Attestation with Hardware Roots of
Trust.