Presented by- Khushbu Bhatt

History of Indian Railway

First Indian Railway line was
opened on 16th April 1853.
The first train consisting of one
steam engine and four coaches ,
traversed a stretch of 21-miles
between Mumbai(Bombay) and
Thane.

Indian Railway has a glorious

past of more than150 years
serving the nation.
Features of Indian Railway
Indian Railway has a 3 tier
management system.

No strike in last 30 years inspite of

17 lakhs workers.

It runs 12000 trains everyday.

It is largest railway system in World

under one management system.
It carries 1.4 crore passengers and 16
lakh tonnes of goods every day.
It is fuel efficient system.

6853 stations & about 500 computerized

passenger reservation system.
 Speed of Trains
Shatabdi max 140kmph.

Rajdhani max 130kmph.

Others max 110kmph.

 Railway Track or
Permanent Way
Combination of rails, fitted on sleepers
and resting on ballast and subgrade is
called the railway track or permanent
way.
Requirements of an
Ideal Permanent Way
Both rails should be at the same level.

Curves should be properly designed.

Proper super elevation should be

provided.
 Gauge
The maximum distance between the
running faces of the two rails of a
permanent way is called GAUGE.
Dimension of gauges
1-Broad Gauge(BG) 1676mm(5’6”)

2-Standard Gauge(SG) 1435mm

3-Metre Gauge(MG) 1000mm

4-Narrow Gauge(NG) 762mm(2’6”)

5-Light Gauge 610mm

 Types of Rails
1- Double Headed Rail.
2- Bull Headed Rail.
3- Flat Footed Rail.
 Rail Failure
1-Crushed Heads.
2-Square or Angular Breaks.
3-Split Heads.
4-Split Web.
5-Horizontal Fissures.
6-Transverse Fissure.
 Creep of Rails
Creep is defined as the
longitudinal movement of the rail
with respect to the sleepers
 Defects of Creep
(i) Sleepers move out of position thereby
the rail gauge.

(ii) Position of points and crossings are

disturbed.

(iii) Interlocking mechanism gets

disturbed.
 Spikes
For holding the rails to the wooden
Sleepers various types of spikes are used.
 Types of spikes
Dog spikes.

Screw spikes.

Round spikes.

Standard spikes.

Elastic spikes.
 Bolts
(i) Dog or hook bolt.

(ii) Fish bolts.

(iii) Fang nut bolts.

 Chairs
(i) Cast iron chair (C.I chairs).
(ii) Slide chairs.
 Sleepers
Sleepers are the transverse ties that are
Laid to support the rails.
They transmit wheel load from the rails
to the ballast.
Classification of sleepers

(i) Wooden sleeper

Cast iron sleeper

(ii) Metal sleeper

Steel sleeper

Reinforced concrete
Sleeper (R.C.C)
(iii) Concrete sleeper
Prestressed Concrete
Sleeper .
 Sleeper Density
Sleeper density is the number
of sleepers Per rail length. It
is specified as(M+x) or
(N+x), where M or N is the
length of the rail in meters
and x is a number varies to
factors .
 Ballast
Single size aggregate used in rail track
construction. Generally has a nominal size of
63mm or 53mm. Can be used as a very coarse
drainage material.

Ballast
Ballast
Types of ballast
Sand ballast.

Moorum ballast.

Coal ash or cinder.

Broken stone ballast.

Queries Please?