Carper’s Four Pattern of

Knowing:
1. Empirical Knowledge
• Generally referred to as the "science of
nursing," empirical knowledge represents the
scientific essentials of nursing.
• This pattern of knowledge is founded in
evidence-based research and objective
experience.
2. Aesthetic Knowledge

• Often called the "art of nursing," aesthetic

knowledge is subjective and intuition-based.
• It calls for recognizing and appreciating the
unique qualities of individual patients, as well
as responding with compassion and
understanding to help patients and their
families navigate the recovery process.
3. Personal Knowledge

• As the term implies, personal knowledge is

defined by first-hand experience and self-
awareness.
• Personal knowledge enables the nurse
practitioner to relate to the patient with
empathy in an authentic manner.
4. Ethical Knowledge
• This pattern of knowledge refers to operating
within a framework of ethical standards in
order to recognize or judge what is correct or
just when there is no "textbook answer.“
• This means drawing on knowledge and
experience to identify and address legal, moral
and social issues with integrity and
professionalism.