NPTEL

PRESENTATION

Three Phase Windings

Submitted to -
Prof. SHAILENDRA PRATAP SINGH
Submitted By
• Nisha Bhatele ( 0901EE161059 )
• Ayushi Gupta ( 0901EE161033 )
• Ankit Sahu ( 0901EE161017 )
Terminology-
• A turn consists of two conductors connected to one end
by an end connector.
• A coil is formed by connecting several turns in series.
• A winding is formed by connecting several coils in series.
• The pole pitch is defined as peripheral distance between center of
two adjacent poles in dc machine. This distance is measured in ter
m of armature slots or armature conductor come between two adj
acent pole centers. This is naturally equal to the total number of ar
mature slots divided by number of poles in the machine.

Example -
• If there are 96 slots on the armature periphery and 4 numbers of p
oles in the machine, the numbers of armature slots come between
two adjacent poles centers would be 96/4 = 24.
• Hence, the pole pitch of that dc machine would be 24.

One pole pitch = 180oed = 360omd/P

• Regardless of the no. of poles in the machine, a pole-pitch is alway

s 180 electrical degree.
• Coil span is defined as peripheral distance between two sides of a c
oil, measured in terms of number of armature slots between them.
• That means, after placing one side of the coil in a particular slot, aft
er how many conjugative slots, the other side of the same coil is pla
ced on the armature. This number is known as coil span.
EMF induced in Armature-
• If the coil span is equal to the pole pitch, then the armature windin
g is said to be full - pitched. At this situation, two opposite sides of t
he coil lie under two opposite poles.Hence emf induced in one side
of the coil will be in 180° phase shift with emf induced in the other
side of the coil. Thus, total terminal voltage of the coil will be nothin
g but the direct arithmetic sum of these two emfs.
• If the coil span is less than the pole pitch, then the winding is referr
ed as fractional pitched. In this coil, there will be a phase difference
between induced emfs in two sides, less than 180°.Hence resultant
terminal voltage of the coil is vector sum of these two emfs and it is
less than that of full-pitched coil.
QUESTION -
A 4-pole AC machine has 48 slots. Find slots per pole.
QUESTION -
A six-pole AC machine has 60 slots. Find slots per pole-pair.
 QUESTION -
• A 4-pole AC machine has 48 slots. How many slots corres
pond to 180 electrical degrees?
QUESTION -
• A 6-pole AC machine has 48 slots. Find the slot-pitch or β
(i.e. the angle between two consecutive slots) in electrica
l degrees?
QUESTION -
• An 8-pole AC machine has 72 slots. One side of a coil is in slot num
ber 1 and another side of the coil is in slot number 9. How much is
the coil span in electrical degrees?
QUESTION -
• A 6 pole AC machine has 54 slots. The coil span of a coil is 140 elec
trical degree. If one side of the coil is in slot number 1 then in whic
h slot the side should be. (If there are multiple answers then enter
the number which is greater than 1)
QUESTION-
• The span of a coil is 150 electrical degree. Assume the air-gap flux
density to be perfectly sinusoidal. If the voltage induced in one sid
e of the coil is expressed by �� sin(��), then the voltage induced in
the other side of the coil can be written as
• a. �� sin(��)
• b. −�� sin(��)
• c. �� sin(�� ± 150°) (+/- depending on the direction of rotation)
• d. −�� sin(�� ± 120°) (+/- depending on the direction of rotation)

Ans- c
-The span of a coil is 150 electrical degree. Therefore, the induced EMF in the
other side of the coil will lead or lag (depending on the direction of rotation) t
he EMF in the first side by 150 electrical degree.
QUESTION -
• An 8 pole AC machine has 96 slots. The two sides of coil-1 are in slo
t number 1 and 13. Similarly two sides of coil-2are in slot number 2
and 14. How much phase difference will be there between the EMF
induced in coil-1 and the EMF induced in coil-2 (in degree)?
Pitch Factor Or Coil Span Factor-

• The pitch factor is the measure of resultant emf of a

short-pitched coil in comparison with resultant emf
of a full pitched coil.
Distribution Factor-
• The Distribution Factor or the Breadth Factor is defin
ed as the ratio of the actual voltage obtained to the p
ossible voltage if all the coils of a polar group were co
ncentrated in a single slot.
QUESTION -
• An AC machine has 3 coils in a coil group. The three coils are placed
20 electrical degree apart from each other (i.e. slot pitch β = 20 deg
ree). Find the distribution factor rounded to two decimal places.
QUESTION -
• If a coil is short chorded by 40 electrical degrees, what w
ould be the pitch factor (for 1st harmonic or fundamental
component of EMF)?

Ans -
Pitch factor = Cos(40o/2)
= 0.94
QUESTION-

• An AC machine has coils short-chorded by 30 degree (electrical). T

he slot pitch is 30 degree (electrical). There are two coils in each c
oil group. Find the winding factor?
THANK YOU