Voltage Control of Single-Phase Inverters

• Commonly-used Techniques
– Single-Pulse-Width-Modulation
– Multiple-Pulse-Width-Modulation
– Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation
– Modified-Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation
– Phase-Displacement Control

ECE 442 Power Electronics 1

ECE 442 Power Electronics 2
Single-Pulse-Width-Modulation

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 Carrier and Reference Signals

Gate Pulse
Gate Pulse

• Compare the Reference Signal with the Carrier

• Frequency of the Reference Signal determines
the frequency of the Output Voltage
• Modulation Index = M = Ar/Ac
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rms value of the Output Voltage

1
 
  2

 2 
2
Vo    
2
V d ( t ) 
2
s
 
 2


Vo  Vs

0    180
0  Vo  Vs
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Multiple-Pulse-Width-Modulation

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 Gate Signal Generation
• Compare the Reference Signal with the Carrier
• Frequency of the Reference Signal determines the
Output Voltage Frequency
• Frequency of the Carrier determines the number of
pulses per half-cycle
• Modulation Index controls the Output Voltage

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 Gate Signals and Output Voltage

Number of pulses per half cycle = p = fc/2fo = mf /2

where mf = frequency modulation ratio
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rms Value of the Output Voltage
1
 ( p  ) / 2  2

2p 
2  
Vo   Vs
2
d ( t ) 
 (  ) / 2 
 p 
p
Vo  Vs

0  M 1
T
0 
2p

0 
p
0  Vo  Vs
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 Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation

• In multiple-pulse modulation, all pulses are

the same width
• Vary the pulse width according to the
amplitude of a sine wave evaluated at the
center of the same pulse

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Generate the same gate pulses with one
sine wave

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Sinusoidal PWM

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Alternate scheme

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 rms output voltage

• Depends on the modulation index, M

p 
V V V
2p

 m
o S
 S

m 1

Where δm is the width of the mth pulse

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