Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bituminous Mix Design Iitr
Bituminous Mix Design Iitr
Bituminous Mix Design Iitr
10 mm Modified binders
6.3 mm
Fibers if any
Recycled materials
Industrial grade bitumen Viscosity grade bitumen
• Conventional
Bitumen
Modified Bitumen
Selection of Grade of Bitumen
Choice of Bitumen is based on:
Climatic Conditions - Maximum & Minimum temperature &
rainfall
Intensity of Traffic - Number of vehicles per day & axle load of
vehicles
– Service:
• plastic deformation (rutting)
• thermal cracking
• fatigue cracking
• water sensibility
Present Scenario
Flexible pavements with bituminous wearing coat are the most
preferred and commonly used type of construction in India,
because of its overall economics and possibility of stage
construction.
50/60 VG-30 10 to 50
60/70 VG-20 0 to 45
Density
Workability is the ease with which the mix can be laid and compacted
ASPHALT
INSTITUTE
HVEEM METHOD
METHOD (MS-2)
Marshall Method
ASPHALT
INSTITUTE MODIFIED
SUPERPAVE SERIES HUBBARD-FIELD
NO.1 (SP-1) METHOD
• Selection of aggregate
• Selection of aggregate grading
• Preparation of specimen
• Determination of specific gravity of compacted
specimen
M = Vx Gx ρw
Where,
M = mass of constituent
V = volume of constituent
G = Specific gravity of constituent
Ρw = density of water (1.0 g/cm3)
MASS-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
Va AIR Ma = 0
VMA
VFA EFFECTIVE BITUMEN Mbe
Vb Mb
Vm Vba ABSORBED BITUMEN Mba
Ma Mm
Vsb
AGGREGATES
Vse
Bituminous mix has the following volumetric properties
(i) Mixture bulk specific gravity, Gmb = 2.331
(ii) Specific gravity of bitumen, Gb = 1.013
(iii) Bitumen content, Pb = 5.0% by mix
(iv)Aggregate bulk specific gravity, Gsb = 2.707
(v)Aggregate effective specific gravity, Gse = 2.733
VMA = (Va+Vbe) / Vm x 100 = (0.075 cm3 + 0.108 cm3) / 1cm3 x 100 = 18.3%
P1 + P2+ …….. + Pn
Gsb =
P1/ G1 + P2/G2 + …….. + Pn/Gn
Pmm-Pb
Gse =
(Pmm / Gmm) – (Pb/Gb)
Pmm
Gmm =
(Pmm / Gse) + (Pb/Gb)
Gse -Gsb
Pba = X Gb X 100
Gsb Gse
PERCENT EFFECTIVE BITUMEN CONTENT (Pbe):
Pba x Ps
Pbe = Pb -
100
Gmb x Ps
VMA = 100 -
Gsb
Where, Gmb = bulk specific gravity of compacted mix (AASHTO T166 ASTMD 1188
or D 2726
PERCENT AIR VOIDS IN COMPACTED MIXTURE (Va):
Gmm - Gmb
Va = X 100
Gmm
VMA - Va
VFB = X 100
VMA
Bulk, Effective, Apparent specific gravities; air voids and
effective bitumen content in compacted bituminous mixture
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gsb)
It is the ratio of the
weight in air of a unit
volume of a permeable
material (including
both permeable &
impermeable voids
normal to the material)
at a stated temperature
to the weight in air of
equal density of an
equal volume of gas-
free distilled water at a
stated temperature
APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gsa):