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(Pearson Series in Economics) Robert Pindyck Daniel Rubinfeld - Microecono
(Pearson Series in Economics) Robert Pindyck Daniel Rubinfeld - Microecono
CHAPTER
N. GREGORY MANKIW
PowerPoint® Slides by Ron Cronovich
© 2007 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved
Context
Chapter 9 introduced the model of aggregate
demand and supply.
Chapter 10 developed the IS-LM model,
the basis of the aggregate demand curve.
Y C (Y T ) I (r ) G r
LM
M P L (r ,Y )
r
1. M > 0 shifts LM1
the LM curve down
(or to the right) LM2
2. …causing the r1
interest rate to fall r2
3. …which increases IS
investment, causing Y
Y1 Y2
output & income to
rise.
If Congress raises G, r
the IS curve shifts right. LM1
If Congress raises G, r
the IS curve shifts right. LM1
LM2
To keep r constant,
r2
Fed increases M r1
to shift LM curve right.
IS2
Results: IS1
Y Y 3 Y1 Y
Y1 Y2 Y3
r 0
To keep Y constant, r3
r2
Fed reduces M
r1
to shift LM curve left.
IS2
Results: IS1
Y 0 Y
Y1 Y2
r r3 r1
Estimated Estimated
Assumption about value of value of
monetary policy Y / G Y / T
1500
Standard & Poor’s
Index (1942 = 100)
1200 500
900
600
300
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 18
CASE STUDY:
The U.S. recession of 2001
Causes: 2) 9/11
increased uncertainty
fall in consumer & business confidence
result: lower spending, IS curve shifted left
Causes: 3) Corporate accounting scandals
Enron, WorldCom, etc.
reduced stock prices, discouraged investment
Y Y remain constant
AD1
AD2
Y Y
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 29
The SR and LR effects of an IS shock
r LRAS LM(P )
1
AD1
AD2
Y Y
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 30
The SR and LR effects of an IS shock
r LRAS LM(P )
1
• M/P to increase,
which causes LM AD1
to move down. AD2
Y Y
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 31
The SR and LR effects of an IS shock
r LRAS LM(P )
1
LM(P2)
IS1
IS2
Y Y
Over time, P gradually
falls, which causes P LRAS
• SRAS to move down. P1 SRAS1
P2 SRAS2
AD1
AD2
Y Y
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 33
EXERCISE:
Analyze SR & LR effects of M
a. Draw the IS-LM and AD-AS r LRAS LM(M /P )
1 1
diagrams as shown here.
b. Suppose Fed increases M.
Show the short-run effects
on your graphs.
IS
c. Show what happens in the Y
transition from the short run Y
to the long run. P LRAS
d. How do the new long-run
equilibrium values of the P1 SRAS1
endogenous variables
compare to their initial AD1
values?
Y Y
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 34
The Great Depression
240 30
Unemployment
(right scale)
billions of 1958 dollars
220 25
180 15
160 10
1. IS-LM model
a theory of aggregate demand
exogenous: M, G, T,
P exogenous in short run, Y in long run
endogenous: r,
Y endogenous in short run, P in long run
IS curve: goods market equilibrium
LM curve: money market equilibrium
2. AD curve
shows relation between P and the IS-LM model’s
equilibrium Y.
negative slope because
P (M/P ) r I Y
expansionary fiscal policy shifts IS curve right,
raises income, and shifts AD curve right.
expansionary monetary policy shifts LM curve right,
raises income, and shifts AD curve right.
IS or LM shocks shift the AD curve.
CHAPTER 11 Aggregate Demand II slide 45