A Seminar

On

LANDMINES DETECTION USING

GROUND PENETRATING RADAR
(GPR)

By:- Kuldeep Singh Rao

Final year , EICE
 Outline
•The problem of landmines
•Current detection methods
•Ground penetrating radar
•Block diagram of GPR
•Working of GPR
•Drawbacks

•Conclusion
 The Problem:
Land mines and UXO
• There are nearly 50 million unexploded
land mines in 60 countries
around the world.
• These land mines kill and maim
approximately 26,000 people annually.
• Large portions of land go unused
due to fear of mines.
•United Nations relief operations are made
more difficult and dangerous due to mining of
roads.
•Modern mines can be constructed with
plastics and composites.
•The low metal content of mines makes
detection extremely difficult.
 Current Detection Methods:

Metal detectors--- capable of finding even

low-metal content mines in mineralized soils.
Nuclear magnetic resonance, fast neutron
activation and thermal neutron activation.
Thermal imaging and electro-optical sensors
detect evidence of buried objects.
Biological sensors such as dogs, pigs, bees
and birds.
Chemical sensors such as thermal
fluorescence--- detect airborne and
waterborne presence of explosive vapors.
GPR : Ground penetrating radar
The impulse GPR system has been developed
in the International Research Center for
Telecommunications-transmission and Radar
(IRCTR).
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an ultra
wide band radar which provides centimeter
resolution to locate even small targets.
There are two distinct types of GPR, time-
domain and frequency domain.
Time domain or impulse GPR transmits
discrete pulses of nanosecond duration and
digitizes the returns at GHz sample rates.
Frequency domain GPR systems transmit
single frequencies and the amplitude and
phase of the return signal is measured. The
resulting data is converted to the time domain.
These techniques allow GPR to locate even
non metallic mines.
Block Diagram
 Basic Components
Impulse GPR system comprises of
Impulse generator
Transmitter
Receiver
Pulse extender
A/D converter
Processor
Visual display.
 WORKING:
The impulse generator produces 0.8ns
monocycle pulses.
The generator spectrum covers a wide
frequency band from 500MHz till 2GHz on
3dB level.
Pulses are transmitted by the Tx antenna into
the ground.
After striking the mine, pulses return and are
received by the Rx antenna.
Pulse extender amplifies the ground reflection
signal up to the maximum level acquired by
A/D converter.
A/D converter converts the signal into digital
signal.
Processor filters the signal and shows the
presence or absence of surrogate mine in the
soil.
Visual display helps to see the range of
targets. It displays the exact position of
landmine.
 DRAWBACKS
GPR images the dielectric properties of the
soils, and any discontinuities appear as an
error signal.
Thus false alarms are easily generated from
the background itself .
To overcome the problem Automatic target
recognition (ATR) algorithms are employed
by impulse-based GPR systems typically
calculate and remove background.
It tries to detect the hyperbolic signatures that
are characteristic in size and shape of
landmine targets in GEO-CENTERS 400.
The sensor such as GPR is larger and heavier.
GPR is more power hungry.
 DEPLOYMENT PLATFORM
Technological development for land
mine detection tends to be a vehicular based
system. This vehicular based
system is shown below
 CONCLUSION
Impulse GPR system is used for detecting
anti-tank and antipersonnel mines.

Through iterative design, build test cycles,

and blind and scored testing at Army mine
lanes, steady progress is being made.
Queries ?
THANK YOU