HUMANITIES

ART
APPRECIATION
including beautification and Sanitation
 HUMANITIES
• A versatile subject which consists of the seven arts:
painting, sculpture, architecture, music and dance,
literature, theater and cinema. These seven arts are the
branches of learning that will help you understand the study
of humanities.
• It comes from the word “humanus” meaning humane,
cultured and refined. To be human is to posses the qualities
and attributes of man and have the feelings and dispositions
proper to man. It is also a study of the different cultural
aspects analyzes man’s frailties in life and how this can be
improved.
• Culture basically includes speech, knowledge, beliefs,
arts, technologies, ideals and rules. To be cultured means to
be refined and well-versed in the arts, philosophy and
languages. It is also a means of misunderstanding man and
his affairs.
 ARTS
• Art is very vital in our daily existence. The arts
the concrete evidences in the study of
humanities.
• The body of arts consists of ideas, beliefs and
values of the past, present and even of the
future.
• It comes from the Aryan root word, “AR” which
means to join or to put together. The Latin terms
“ARS” means everything that is artificially made
or composed by man.
 FUNCTION OF ART
• Visual art is not
produced with words but
with formal artistic
elements.
• It communicates ideas
but is not intended to
convey information in
verbal form.
• Art creates subtle
emotional states or
moods and broadens the
aesthetic range of
experience of all who
perceive it.
• It can be, it has been,
and it often still is done
by means of visual art.
PICTORIAL ART

There is no law which requires that a painting

must tell the same story to each and every
spectator or even that it must tell one at all.

The pictorial arts may

represent a visualization of
sound patterns or by a
series of symbols , evoke
the memory of smell, sight
or other sensations but they
do not picture them
 Prehistoric Art
In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate cultures
(prehistory), beginning somewhere in very late geological history.

Paleolithic
Evidence of artistic expression is known only from the Upper Paleolithic, created
by Homo sapiens. The symmetry and attention given to the shape of a tool has
led authors to see Middle Palaeolithic hand axes and especially laurel points as
artistic expressions as well.
Blombos cave, situated in South Africa, stones
were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch
patterns, suggesting that early Homo sapiens were
capable of abstraction and production of abstract
art or symbolic art. These impressive works date to
70,000 years ago, which makes them about 40,000
years older than the Lascaux - type cave paintings.
Upper Paleolithic period (broadly 40,000 to 10,000 years ago)

It includes both cave painting (such as the

famous paintings at Chauvet, Altamira,
Pech Merle, and Lascaux), portable art
(such as animal carvings and so - called
Venus figurines like Venus of Willendorf),

Open air art (such as the monumental Côa

Valley in Portugal, Domingo García and
Siega Verde, both in Spain, Mazouco in
Mexico, Fornols-Haut in France).
 ANCIENT ART
• The period of ancient art began when
ancient civilizations developed a form
of written language.

• The great traditions in art have a

foundation in the art of one of the six
great ancient civilizations: Ancient
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome,
India, or China. Each of these centres
of early civilization developed a unique
and characteristic style in their art.
Because of their size and duration
these civilizations, more of their art
works have survived and more of their
influence has been transmitted to
other cultures and later times. They
have also provided us with the first
records of how artists worked.

• Ancient Roman art depicted gods as

idealized humans, shown with
characteristic distinguishing features
(i.e. Zeus' thunderbolt).
 BYZANTINE ART
Byzantine art is expressionistic art in the
fullest sense.

It was not a popular art but a princely,

opulent and aristocratic style, glorying in its
restrictions , expanding imaginatively within
the dogmatic theology and unchanging ritual
of the eastern church

It did not flourish constantly but it did last

until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

But elements of style have survived in

central and eastern Europe until the present
century.

The subjective mood and mystic attitude

induced by Byzantine use of interior domed
space and colored symbolic decoration were
typically oriented.
 EGYPTIAN ART
The history of Ancient Egypt, long more than 3000 years, is divided into 8 or 9
periods, sometimes called Kingdoms. The Ancient Egyptians themselves rather .
The importance of religion and the respect for death ruled their art. They built
mostly temples, graves and adopted strict controlled by The priests.

The Old Kingdom (2700-2200 B.C.)

The old kingdom is an important period in political

and cultural development of Ancient Egypt.
Centuries of uninterrupted rise, established one of
the most powerful cultures of the ancient world.
During this period Hieroglyphic writing reached its
sophistication. The techniques of crafts developed
to a high professionalism. King Djoser, builder of
the step pyramid at Saqqara, is the first and most
celebrated king of the third dynasty. The works of
Cheops, Chephren, and Mycerinus, the creators of
the three pyramids at Giza represents the peak of
achievements in the architectural field.
The Middle Kingdom (2050-1800 B.C.)

Pyramid building was also revived, but much humbler then in the old kingdom.
This rise was followed by the ultimate downfall and the country fell into the
hands of foreign rulers.

The New Kingdom (1550-1080 B.C.)

During this period Egypt reached the zenith

of its power. Egypt extended further south in
Africa and into the Middle East under

Late Period (after 1080 B.C.)

The late period was a period of

deterioration. Kingship suffered a
decline in prestige, and the political and
social systems were unstable
 Art of Renaissance
Early Renaissance
Renaissance marks the period of European history at the close of the Middle
Ages and the rise of the Modern world. It represents a cultural rebirth from
the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries.

Early Renaissance, mostly in Italy, bridges the art period during the fifteenth
century, between the Middle Ages and the High Renaissance in Italy. It is
generally known that Renaissance matured in Northen Europe later, in 16th
century.

The main idea of rebirth lies at the belief that

through the study of the intellectual and
artistic treasures of the Greco-Roman antiquity,
inspired by Humanism, can be reached the
artistic greatness, wisdom and enlightenment.
 The rediscovery of classical world radically
altered the art of painting. The spiritual
content of painting changed - subjects from
Roman history and mythology were borrowed.

Classical artistic principles, including harmonious

proportion, realistic expression, and the rational
postures were emulated.

During this artistic period two regions of Western

Europe were particularly active: Flanders and Italy.
Most of the Early Renaissance works in northern
Europe were produced between 1420 and 1550.
High Renaissance
High Renaissance in Italy is the climax of Renaissance art, from 1500-1525.
It is also considered as a sort of natural evolution of Italian Humanism.

It has been characterized by explosion of

creative genius. Painting especially reached
its peak of technical competence, rich
artistic imagination and heroic composition.

The main characteristics of High

Renaissance painting are harmony
and balance in construction .
 Italian High Renaissance artists achieved
ideal of harmony and balance comparable
with the works of ancient Greece or Rome.
Forms, colors and proportions, light and
shade effects, spatial harmony,
composition.

Along with forms, colors and proportions, light

and shade effects, spatial harmony, composition
A new technique of drawing perspective was
developed during this period.
 ART OF
BAROQUE & ROCOCO
A term "Rococo" describes a movement in the arts in
the early 18th century, in France. Rococo has been born
from the Baroque era, during the age of Enlightenment,

The word "rococo" is derived from "rocaille", meaning

"rock work" or "shell work," a favorite motif of the time.

Rococo stresses purely ornamental, light, casual,

irregular design.

Rococo art portrayed a world of artificiality,

make-believe, and game-playing. (all of which can
be found in the baroque).

The Rococo style is characterized by pastel

colors, gracefully delicate curving forms .
Extreme highlights are placed on the subject
matter and the overall work is light in color,
effect, and emotion.
Baroque
Baroque was born in Italy, and adopted in France, Germany, Netherlands, and
Spain.Baroque covers a wide range of styles and artists.In painting and
sculpture we recognize three main forms of Baroque:

Baroque that use revolutionary technique of dramatic,

selective illumination of figures out of deep shadow -
a hallmark of Baroque painting.

Baroque favors higher volumes, exaggerates

decorations, adds colossal sculptures, huge furniture
etc. Sense of movement, energy, and tension are
dominant impressions. Strong contrasts of light and
shadow often enhance dramatic effects.

In architecture, there was a special attention given

to animation and grandeur achieved through scale, the
dramatic use of light and shadow.
 Modern Art
Modern Art is a term that refers to artistic works produced during the
period extending roughly from the 1860s through the 1970s, and denotes
the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era.

The birth of modern art is 1863, the year that

Édouard Manet exhibited his painting Le déjeuner sur
l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. Earlier
dates have also been proposed, among them 1855

The term is usually associated with art in

which the traditions of the past have been
thrown in a spirit of experimentation.
Modern artists experimented with new
ways of seeing, and with fresh ideas about
the nature of materials and functions of art.
 Romanticism
In a general sense, the term "Romanticism" has been used to
refer to certain artists, poets, writers, musicians, as well as
political, philosophical and social thinkers of the late eighteenth
and to mid nineteenth centuries. It has equally been used to refer
to various artistic, intellectual, and social trends of that era.
Romanticism found themes in evocation
or criticism of the past, the cult of the
"sensibility" with its emphasis on women
and children, the heroic isolation of the
artist or narrator, and respect for a new,
wilder, untrammeled and "pure" nature.

Romanticism played an essential role in the

national awakening of many Central
European peoples lacking their own national
states, which had recently lost its
independence when Russia's army crushed
the Polish Rebellion.
 Art Of Realism
Realism appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal in what is now
India, and examples can be found throughout the history of art.

In the broadest sense, realism in a work

of art exists wherever something has been
well observed and accurately depicted.

For example, the proto-Renaissance

painter Giotto di Bondone brought a new
realism to the art of painting by rendering
physical space and volume far more
convincingly than his Gothic predecessors
In spite of its social inclinations Realism
produces NEW style in architecture and few
of the valuable sculptures lesser then expected.

It was the time of introduction of new

technologies and techneques in constructions.

The revolutionary modular construction and largest

spans in structural skeleton that could then be mass-
produced - used on exhibition halls, railway stations;

The use of cast iron as building material and invention

of twisted-wire cable that extended main spans of
bridges in countries like Europe and United States.

Less positive attitude toward technological progress

can be seen in the first attempts to incorporate
structural iron into the proper achitecture of history.
 Contemporary
Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present
point in time produced since World War II. The definition of word would
support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define
their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II.

Shenzhen museum
Contemporary art is exhibited by commercial contemporary art galleries,
private collectors, corporations, publicly funded arts organizations,
contemporary art museums or by artists themselves in artist-run spaces.
Contemporary artists are supported by grants, awards and prizes as well as
by direct sales of their work.
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

1. Realism – presentation
of subjects as it is. It is
also the portrayal of
objective reality.
Gustace Courbet:“The Stone-
Breaker”
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

2. Abstraction – it means to
move away or to separate. The
artist is more concerned about
the presentation of a part or a
portion of a subject.
 Types of Abstraction
Elongation – subjects are lengthened or
stretched out.
Ex. El Greco:“the Resurrection”
“St Martin and the Beggar”
Distortion – subjects are in a mishappen
condition
Ex. Henry Moore: “Recumbent Figure”
Cubism – the use of geometrical shapes and
forms.
Ex. Pablo Picasso: “The Three Musicians”
“Nude in a Rocking Chair”
George Brake: “Violet and Palette”
 ELONGATION

EL GRECO
“ THE
RESURRECTION”
 “ ST.
MARTIN
AND THE
BEGGAR”
DISTORTION

“ RECUMBENT
FIGURE”
CUBISM

Pablo Picasso:“The Three Musicians”

“Nude in a Rocking Chair”
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

3. Fauvism emphasis on pleasure; the

artists are non-conformists. Colors are not
realistic and are mostly bright.

Ex. Henry Matisse: “The Joy of Life”

“The Dance”
Henry Matisse: “The Joy of Life”
“The Dance”
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

4. Dadaism from the French word “DADA”

which means hobby-horse and a movement
meant to shock the public.

Ex. Marcel Duchamp: “Fountain”

Idealistic and subscribed to the
ideas of liberty, freedom, justice, and
equality.
Ex. Juan Luna: “Spolarium”
SPOLARIUM
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

5. Romanticism rich and filled with

emotion.

Ex. Eugene Delacroix: “Liberty Leading the

People”
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

6. Impressionism is concentrated on the

artist’s impression of the moment.

Ex. Claude Monet: “Sunrise”

Eduord Manet: “The Best Waitress”
Eduord Manet: “The Best
Waitress”
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

7. Expressionism based on non-rational and

emotional concepts

 Harsh, morbid, brutal, introspective

 Free distortion of form color through
which the painter gives visual form to
inner sensations or emotion.
Edvard Munch, The Scream
 Methods in Presenting Art
Subject

8. Surrealism based from the Freudian

Theory “Psychoanalysis; aimed to bring the
elements of subconscious to the surface.

Ex. Salvador Dali: “Persistence of

Memory”
 Kinds of Subjects
•Landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes these are
artworks that show the physical environment.
•Still Life groups of inanimate objects
arranged in an indoor setting such as objects as
dishes of food on a dining table, pots and pans
on a kitchen table, etc...
•Animals the earliest known paintings are
representations of animals.
•Portrait is a realistic likeness of a person in
sculpture, painting, drawing, or print.
•Figures is the traditional chief subject of
artists showing the human body, nude or
clothed.
•Everyday Life this is the artists observation of people
going about their usual ways, performing their usual
tasks.
•History and Legend shows a significant scene in the
past; legend pictures the mysteries behind the folk
stories.
•Religion and Mythology arts are used to instruct, to
inspire feelings of devotion and to convert non-
believers; many artists have been inspired by the
beauty and magic of mythological characters.
•Dreams and Fantasies a dream may be of lifelike
situation; it may be realistically represented, but if the
figure suggests the strange, and the absurd, we would
right away classify it a dream picture.