Hyperthyroidism

Overview, symptoms, causes and Daignosis

What is Hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which an overactive thyroid gland is
producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones that circulate in the
blood. ("Hyper" means "over" in Greek).

Thyroid hormones include thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T3 is

actually the most active thyroid hormone. Much of the T4 is converted to T3
in the bloodstream.
CAUSES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

CIRCULATING THYROID STIMULATORS

Neonatal Graves disease Thyrotropin-secreting tumor

(Pituitary adenoma)

Choriocarcinoma Graves disease

THYROIDAL AUTONOMY:

Toxic multinodular goiter

Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism(Jod-Basedow)

Toxic solitary adenoma

Congenital hyperthyroidism
 DESTRUCTION OF THYROID FOLLICLES (THYROIDITIS)
Subacute thyroiditis
Painless or postpartum thyroiditis
Amiodarone-induced thyroiditis
Acute (infectious) thyroiditis

• EXOGENOUS THYROID HORMONE

Iatrogenic Excess ingestion of thyroid hormone
Factitious Excess ingestion of thyroid hormone
Hamburger thyrotoxicosis

• ECTOPIC THYROID TISSUE

Struma ovarii - Ovarian teratoma containing thyroid tissue
Metastatic follicular thyroid cancer
Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone
 Complications of Hyperthyroidism:-

Heart Problmes:
Some of the most serious complications of hyperthyroidism involve the
heart. These include a rapid heart rate, a heart rhythm disorder
called atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure.
Brittle bones:
Untreated hyperthyroidism can also lead to weak, brittle
bones(osteoporosis).
Eye problems:
People with Graves opthalmopathy develop eye problems, including
bulging, red or swollen eyes, sensitivity to light, and blurring or
double vision.
Others :
Weight loss, Hand tremors, Corneal ulcer.