FILTERATION

AT CONSTANT FLOWRATE
Filteration

 Filtration is the removal of solid particles from a

fluid by passing the fluid by passing the fluid
through a filtering medium, or septum, on which
the solids are deposited.
What should be the properties of
MEMBRANE ?
 Membrane material is manufactured from a synthetic polymer,
cellulose acetate or polyamide

 Materials that donot react with oxidants used in drinking water

treatment .
 Hydrophilic (water attracting) or hydrophobic (water repelling) in
nature ,how easily membranes can be wetted, as well as its ability
to resist fouling to some degree.

 Surface charge may remove particulate or microbial contaminants

of the opposite charge due to electrostatic attraction.
Membrane Module

 Hollow-Fiber Modules

 Spiral-Wound Modules
MEMBRANE CLEANING METHODS
 1) BACKWASHING

 2) CHEMICAL CLEANING
Detergents and surfactants to remove organic and particulate
foulants
Strong chlorine solution to control biofouling
POROSITY OF MEMBRANE.
 Porous and polymeric membranes have a thin layer of semi-
permeable material that is used for solute separation as
transmembrane pressure is applied.
 The degree of selectivity is largely based on the membrane charge
and porosity.
 Porous
Porous membranes are mainly used for microfiltration and
ultrafiltration. The membrane contains pores ranging from 0.1 to 10 μm
for microfiltration and 0.001 to 0.1μm for ultrafiltration.
 Non-porous
Non-porous membranes are mainly used for reverse osmosis,
nanofiltration, or molecular separation in the gas phase.
TYPES OF FILTRATION

MICROFILTRATION
ULTRAFILTRATION
NANOFILTRATION
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Filtration techniques in Industries
 Centrifugal Filtration
 Gravity Filtration
 Vacuum Filtration
 Multi Layer Filtration (Sand / Gravel /
Carbon Filtration):
CASE STUDY
For constant flowrate
 Constant rate compensated-clogging filter
 Control with flow rate measurement
 Control with constant level maintenance
Using upstream control ,
Filter rate controllers
Level control using a valve: the Regulazur