Objectives

Man is one of the species who inhabit the

earth.he is the only one who has interfered with various natural
processes for use of both biological & physical resources to
meet his multiple demands,man has polluted all the three realms
of the earth-lithosphere,hydrosphere & atmosphere.it is
essential for us to know about environment & its pollution.
In this presentation we will be able to know about-

•Environment •Primary & secondary pollutants

•Biosphere •Acid rain

•Ecosystem model •Ozone depletion

•Atmosphere •Green house effect

•Atmospheric pollution •Noise pollution

That which surrounds, the total sum of the
condition of the surroundings within which an
organism, or group, or an object,exists(including
the natural as modified by human activity & the
artificial).
• Our current atmosphere is a
mixture of many different gases
& suspended particles. It is
almost same every where up to
an altitude of 80 Kms.The
atmosphere is divided in to 4
layers-

Name of Heigh Important

Temperatu
sphere or t in Chemical
re
layer Kms. Species (Gas)

N2,O2,CO2,
Troposphere 0-8 15 to 45
H2
Stratosphere 8-50 -55 to 05 O3,O2

Mesosphere 50-80 -2 to -90 N2+O2

80-
Ionosphere O2,O+,NO+
400
400-
Exosphere H2,He
1600
Constituent Symbol Average concentration Source Volume

Nitrogen N2 780900 Biotic 7.809× 101

2-094× 101
Oxygen O2 209400 Biotic

Argon Ar 9300 Radioactive 9.3× 10-1

3.18× 10-2
Carbon dioxide CO2 318318 Biotic & industrial

Neon Ne 18 Internal

5.2× 10-4
helium He 5.2 Radioactive

1.3× 10-4
Methane CH4 1.3 Biotic

1.0× 10-5
Krypton Kr 1.0 Internal

5.0× 10-5
Hydrogen H2 0.5 Biotic & photochemical

Water H2O 0.25 Physical 2.5× 10-5

Carbon monoxide CO 0.1 Photochemical & industrial 1.0× 10-5

Ozone O3 0.02 Photochemical 2.0× 10-6

1.0× 10-6
Ammonia NH3 0-01 Photochemical

1.0× 10-7
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 0.001 Biotic & industrial

2.0× 10-8
 Different Pollutants
1. Gaseous waste: Oxides of
nitrogen,SO2,CO2,CO.Cl,Br,I,O3 & smog.
2. Complex organic chemicals: Benzene, ether.
3. Acid prop lets: H2SO4, HNO3
4. Agrochemicals: fertilizers,
pesticides,herbicixles,fungicides,
rematicides,weedicides,bectrecides etc.
5. Fluorides
6. Metals: Mercury,lead,Cd,Zn,Fe,Ni etc.
7. Solid wasre:Garbage,plastic etc.
8. Radioactive waste: Nuclear
reacters,uranium,nuclear explosion.
9. Noise waste
Natural Pollutants: The pollution which comes out from natural
sources such as forest fires volcanic eruption decomposition of
organic matter & natural radioactivity.
Primary Pollutants: Harmful chemical that directly enters the
air as a result of human activity. These are deforestisation
burning of fossil fuel industrialization warfare etc.
Secondary pollutants :These result from chemical reactions
between two or more air components.
Formation of secondary pollutants
2SO2+O2 2SO3
2SO3+H2O H2SO4 (Secondary pollutant)
 Environmental challenges
• Green house effect: Increasing global temperature.
Scientists predicting that earth's temperature will increase
by 3-40C by year 2030 if the pollution continues to increase
at the same pace.

• Ozone depletion: As ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

absorbs incoming harmful ultraviolet radiation but it is now
getting thinner & more UVs are reaching in to earth creating
different disease like cancer& eye problems.

• Photochemical smog: In 1952 London was covered by smog

for 10 days .This smog was caused by fog, smoke, ash,&
SO2 plus NO2.Sunlight played a great role in the formation of
this smog .Though deaths occurring at that time were not
directly attributed to the smog later statistics confirmed
that 6,000 more people.

Acid rain: is caused by oxides of nitrogen & sulphur.It increases

acidity of soil & effects the growth of trees & plants. The
majestic monument Taj Mahal in India is also affecting by this.
 Noise pollution
This era has rightly been called as the era of noise.because heavy
industrialization we are exposed to a high level of noise all around
us. Noise has become a very important stress factor in modern
life.it leads many health hazards.Some of the sources of noise
pollution are aircraft,automobiles,factories,loudspeakers& pop&
Rock-n-Roll music in clubs

. Noise produces following health problems-

1)Auditory fatigue
2)Deafness or impaired vision
3)Rise in blood pressure, pulse
rate
4)Headache
5)Nausea
6)Disturbed sleep
7)Emotional disturbances
 Noise Noise
Noise Source Noise Source
Scale Scale
Breathing 10db Traffic noise 60-90db
Winds in trees 20db Sports car 80-90db
Quit conversation 20-30db Heavy truck 90-100db
Ticking clock 10db Motor cycle 105db
House in quiet
35db Thunder storm 110db
street
Beat music (Electrically
Radio music 50-60db 120db
amplified)
Loud conversation 60db Air craft noise 90-120db
Office noise 60db Jet take off 120db
Children play 60-80db Jet engine 140db
Space vehicle launch (From
Lawn mower 60-80db 140-170db
a short distance)
 Conclusion
We know that certain environmental conditions like air,water,& food
are essential for man,s survival.apart from their availability their
quality & quantity must be assured according to man,s natural &
acquired capacity for sustenance progress in industrialization has
brought environmental hazards such as air water & noise
pollution.These have caused many health problems & diseases.
As it has been said-
we do not inherit the environment from our
forefathers,we borrow it from future generation.
Stockholm conference of 1972 proclaims that:
The protection & improvement of human environment is a major
issue which affects the well being of people & economic development
throughout the world&it is duty of all governments & people to
common efforts for the preservation & improvement of environment
for the benefit of all people & their prosperity