July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.

15-06-0331

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks
(WPANs)

Submission Title: [Tutorial on Body Area Networks]

Date Submitted: [July 18, 2006]
Source: [Stefan Drude] Company [Philips]
Address [High Tech Campus 60, 5656 AG Eindhoven, The Netherlands] ]
Voice:[+31 40 27-23431], FAX: [+31 40 27-22764], E-Mail:[stefan.drude@philips.com ]
Re: [Tutorial]
Abstract: [The contribution reflects the information presented at the tutorial on body area
networks presented at the San Diego meeting on July 18, 2006.]
Purpose: [To provide information on body area network use cases, typical requirements, and to
start the process on possibly starting a study group in 802.15 on this topic.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis
for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material
in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s)
reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property
of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Submission Slide 1 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Overview

• Body Area Networks – S. Drude

– Quick summary use cases, requirements
• Channel Models and Health Aspects of
PAN and BAN – A. J Johansson
– Magnet and Magnet Beyond
– Channel modelling
– Medical implant communications
– Health aspects of PAN/BAN implants

Submission Slide 2 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Body Area Network

• Broad range of possible devices

• Broad range of media types
• Connect everything you carry
on you and with you
• Offer “Connected User” experience
• Matches low power environment
• Challenge – scalability data rate, power
Submission Slide 3 Stefan Drude, Philips
 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Body Area Networks –Target Position

Average power consumption, sustained data rate

1 Gbit/s
Wireless USB
100 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s
IEEE 802.11 a/b/g

1 Mbit/s
Bluetooth
100 kbit/s
ZigBee
10 kbit/s

1 kbit/s

2 mW 5 mW 10 mW 20 mW 50 mW 100 mW 200 mW 500 mW 1000 mW

Submission Slide 4 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Body Area Networks

• Usage Scenarios
– Body senor network
– Fitness monitoring
– Wearable audio
– Mobile device centric
– Video stream

– Remote control &

I/O devices

Submission Slide 5 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Body Sensor Network

• Medical application
– Vital patient data
– Wireless sensors
– Link with bedside monitor
– Count on 10 – 20 sensors
• Five similar networks in range
• Minimum setup interaction
• Potentially wide application
• Total traffic / patient < 10 kbps

Submission Slide 6 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Fitness Monitoring
• Central device is MP3 player
• Wireless headset included
• Expand functionality
– Speed, distance
– Heart rate, respiration monitor
– Temperature sensor
– Pacing information
– Location information
– Wristwatch display unit
– Etc.
• Total system load < 500 kbps
• Synchronization may go faster
Submission Slide 7 Stefan Drude, Philips
July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Wearable Audio
• Central device is headset
• Stereo audio, microphone
• Connected devices
– Cellular phone
– MP3 player, PDA
– CD audio player
– AP at home
– Handsfree car
– Remote control
– Others
• Requires priority mechanism
• Network load < 500 kbps
Submission Slide 8 Stefan Drude, Philips
July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Mobile Device Centric

• Mobile terminal is central point

• Covers broad set of data
– Sensors – vital, other
– Headset
– Peripheral devices
– Handsfree / car
• Provide gateway to outside
– Offload sensor data, other
• Requires priority mechanism
• Network load < 500 kbps

Submission Slide 9 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Remote Control & I/O Devices

• Remote control device

• Increase consumer convenience
• Makes headset control practical
• Stand-alone vs shared function
• Combine with wristwatch display ?
• Printers
• Identification, storage
• Wireless pen

• Complement BAN functionality

Submission Slide 11 Stefan Drude, Philips
July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Technical Requirements

• There is no specific standard for BANs

– Current standards come close for specific use
cases, not broad enough
– Issues: power consumption, discovery, QoS
– Support for very low power devices, sensors
• Target less than 10% power consumption for
communications compared to total device
• Have single standard with broad range of
supported data rate - scalability
Submission Slide 12 Stefan Drude, Philips
July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

BAN Requirements - Draft

• Distance 2 m std, 5 m special
• Piconet density 2 - 4 nets / m2
• Devices per network max. 100
• Net network throughput 100 Mbit/s max.
• Power consumption ~ 1mW / Mbps
(@ 1 m distance)
• Startup time < 100 us, or
< 10% of TX slot
• Latency (end to end) 10 ms
• Network setup time < 1 sec
(after initial setup, per device)

Submission Slide 13 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

BAN Requirements - Draft

• Implementation module cost

• Should be comparable to Bluetooth module
• Effective sleep mode(s)
• Concept for effective, remote wake-up
• Operates in global, license-exempt
band

Submission Slide 14 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

BAN Requirements - Draft

• Privacy, security
• Peer to peer communication, point to multi-
point
• Omni-directional antennas: small, flexible
• Future proof [for 5 years?]
– Upgradeable, scaleable, backwards compatibility
• Support for several power management /
consumption schemes [classes]

Submission Slide 15 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

BAN Requirements - Draft

• Quality of service, guaranteed bandwidth

– Specific definitions, depends on application
• Graceful degradation of services
– Depends on application, not always desireable
• Concurrent availability of asynchronous and
isochronous channels
• Low duty cycle and high duty cycle modes
• Very low duty cycle applications (sensors)

Submission Slide 16 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Interest Group on BAN in 802.15

Conclusions on low data rate applications

• Operates on, inside, or in the vicinity of the body

• Limited range (< .01 – 2 meters)
• The channel model will include human body effects.
(absorption, health effects)
• Extremely low consumption power (.1 to 1 mW) for
each device
• Capable of energy scavenging / battery-less
operation
• Support scalable Data Rate: 0.01 – 1,000 kbps
(optional 10 Mbps)

Submission Slide 17 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Interest Group on BAN in 802.15 (2)

Conclusions on low data rate applications

• Support different classes of QoS for high reliability,

asymmetric traffic, power constrained
• Needs optimized, low complexity MAC and
Networking layer
• High number of simultaneously operating piconets
required
• Application specific, security/privacy required
• Small form factor for the whole radio, antenna, power
supply system
• Locating radios (” find me”) mode

Submission Slide 18 Stefan Drude, Philips

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0331

Overview

• Body Area Networks – S. Drude

– Quick summary use cases, requirements
• Channel Models and Health Aspects of
PAN and BAN – A. J Johansson
– Magnet and Magnet Beyond
– Channel modelling
– Medical implant communications
– Health aspects of PAN/BAN implants

Submission Slide 19 Stefan Drude, Philips