RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

A CASE STUDY
 ELECTRICAL SELF STUDY
PHASE – 2

Presented by :

Ramya M - 1RV16EC129
Soujanya Avadhani M D – 1RV16EC160
N – Section
Department of Electronics and Communication
RV College of Engineering
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. 4 MAJOR ASPECTS OF RE
2. CHALLENGES OF RE
3. SCHEMES OF RE BY GOI
4. STAGES OF INDIA’S RE PROGRAMME
A CASE STUDY
4. AN INTRO TO THE SELECTED VILLAGE
5. METHOD OF ELECTRIFICATION – BIO-GASEFICATION
6. POWER SUPPLIED
7. FEED FOR THE PLANT
8. ADVANTAGES NOTED
9. MODES OF OPERATION
10.PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
11. SOLARIFICATION OF THE VILLAGE
 THE 4 MAJOR ASPECTS OF RE

Setting-up of rural electric infrastructure

Providing adequate power at reasonable price
Supplying quality power
Electrifying the rural households
 CHALLENGES OF RE
Extending the grid to remote areas requires a
high capital investment
Higher cost of delivery and lower tariff
Thefts(tapping) leading to losses
Low load density
Limited maintenance as spare parts are
unavailable nearby
Lack of regulation between state and central
government
Forest clearance issues
CHALLENGES OF RE
(cont…)
 SCHMES OF RE BY GOI

 MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAM (1974)

 KUTIR JOYTI PROGRM (1988-89)
 PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMODAY YOJANA (2000-01)
 ACCELERATED RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM (2002)
 ACCELERATED ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM (2004)
 RAJEEV GANDHI GRAMEEN VIDYUTIKARAN YOJANA (March, 2005)
 DEEN DAYAL UPADHAYA GRAM JYOTI YOJANA (December, 2014)
 STAGES OF INDIA’S RE PROGRAMME
 Stage I (1950 to 1965)
Only 3061 villages were electrified till 1950
1951-planned electrification of villages taken up with the main
objective of providing electricity as a social amenity
(More than 45,000 villages covered.)
 Stage II (1966-1980)
Mid Sixties- focus on the role of electricity as development input with a
primary objective of energizing pump sets
(More than 2 lakh villages and more than one crore pump sets
energized)
 Stage III (1981 to 1990)
Decade of Eighties- RE seen as a tool for correcting regional inequalities
(More than 2.20 lakh villages electrified, around 43 lakh pump sets
energized)
 STAGES OF INDIA’S RE PROGRAMME
(cont…)

 Stage IV (1991 to 2003)

Decade of Nineties – Deteriorating financial conditions of SEBs broke the
tempo of rural electrification.
Emphasis on improving system efficiencies rather than extensive coverage
Only 44,000 villages electrified
 Stage V (2004 onwards)
Specific program for Household electrification rather than village
electrification as the new focus of RE program
 AN INTRO TO THE SELECTED VILLAGE

 We have chosen the villages of Hosahalli – Hanumanthnagar to

study the electrification status and discuss about its effects on the
development of the village.

 These villages are located in Kunigal taluk, Tumkur district,

Karnataka.

 Methods of electrification range from decentralised biomass

gasifier-based power generation system to solar panels.
 METHOD OF ELECTRIFICATION
 Disadvantages of dependency on centralised grid system in rural
India
 De-centralised power system adopted
 Biomass gasification based system
 Process – partial combustion of biomass under controlled air supply
 producer gas – combustible
 Hosahalli – non-electrified ; Hanumanthnagar – grid-electrified (30%
households)
 Plant – installed in 1988 in Hosahalli; in 1996 in Hanumanthnagar –
under guidance of CST(Centre of Sustainable Technologies)
 POWER SUPPLIED
 Producer gas (mixture of N2 and CO) – energy value of 5MJ/m3 .
 Initially, a plant of capacity 20kW was installed in both the villages.
 Later, plants were expanded to have a higher end-capacity of
30kW and 37kW in Hosahalli and Hanumanthnagar respectively.
 Plan of load distribution
 Irrigation load for day hours
 Other loads activities during evening
 Also, not all pumps are switched on simultaneously
 FEED FOR THE PLANT
 During the initial years, biomass was obtained from forest
plantations of nearby villages.
 Later, mixed species forestry cultivated
Hosahalli – 2.5 hectares in 1988; 1.5 hectares in 1991-92
Hanumanthnagar – 8 hectares in 1996
 Fast growing varieties, which grow densely are preferred – e.g.
eucalyptus, Cassia siamea
 On an average plant generated about 17MWh per year
 ADVANTAGES NOTED

 The system functioned efficiently from 1988 – 2004 providing

electricity over 85% of the days during the past 6 years.
 Social benefits
1. Provision for reliable and safe water supply to households
2. Quality of life and health improved
3. Children – studies
4. Women – daily chores
5. Installations of flour mills
 Economic benefits
1. Employment and income due to increased forest cultivation
2. Income increases due to operation and maintenance of
decentralized power generation system.
 ADVANTAGES (cont.…)

 Environmental impacts
1. Soil conservation due to cultivation of trees in lands subjected to
degradation.
2. Mixed farming leads to biodiversity.
3. Combustion of biomass leads to production of insignificant
amounts of SO2 .
4. No contribution to pollution – no expellant of CO2 .
 MODES OF OPERATION
1. System operation mode
2. Dual fuel mode
3. Diesel only mode
 Plant was operated in diesel only mode due to
1. lack of chopped wood pieces of required size and dried form
2. unavailability of operators
3. in rainy season, drying of wood was a major problem
MODES (cont.)
 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
 Technical problems – gasifier and diesel engine failed on 7% of
the days
1. Moist fuel
2. Wrong size fuel
3. Failure of radiator
 Non-availability of trained operator – financial constraints
 Social problems – due to disputes over land
 SOLARIFICATION OF THE VILLAGE
 Recently, an innovative way of lighting the streets has been employed in
Hosahalli.
 11 solar power harvesters have been installed.
 Each harvester has
1. Solar panel
2. 1 LED
3. 1 battery back-up
 The cost of each turned out to be Rs. 25k
 Each panel can generate about 200 W of power.
A GLIMPSE OF SOLARIFICATION
“INDIA LIVES IN HER VILLAGES”

THANK YOU