PRESENTED BY:

 MOHAMMED HYDER (15M21A0468)

 SYED AWAIS AHMED (15M21A0474)
UNDER GUIDANCE OF:-
 GULAB ALAM (16M25A0404)
MR. ABDUL WASSEY
 MD. AMEER SOHAIL (16M25A0405) MUDASSER
REGENERATIVE ELECTRO
SENSING CAR
With
INTELLIGENT BREAKING
 ABSTRACT:

The aim of the project is to Regenerate electric current

from the Wheel by connecting a dynamo to it. The
dynamo converts the mechanical energy to electrical
energy. Thus this is again used to recharge the battery. As
the car moves, battery is recharged due to the rotation of
the Wheels.
The second part of the project is INTELLIGENT
BRAKING. Whenever an object approaches to the vehicle
or suddenly comes in front of the vehicle, the car
Deccelerates or ceases by the help of sensor to avoid
collision.
 INTRODUCTION:
Moving vehicles have a lot of kinetic energy, and when brakes are
applied to slow a vehicle, all of that kinetic energy has to go
somewhere.
Fortunately, we have evolved as a species and developed a better
way. Regenerative braking uses an electric vehicle’s motor as a
generator to convert much of the kinetic energy lost when
decelerating back into stored energy in the vehicle’s battery. Then,
the next time the car accelerates, it uses much of the energy
previously stored from regenerative braking instead of tapping in
further to its own energy reserves.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
CHARGE
DYNAMO WHEEL
CONTROLLER

12V 26Amps (2
batteries in
series) DC GEARED
MOTOR

ARDUINO
UNO
A R B
CHARGE
CONTROLLER

ULTRASONIC
SENSOR
RELAYS
BRAKE

OBJECT
Concept of Wind Turbine:
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS:
 CAR CHASSIS

 ARDUINO UNO

 DC GEARED MOTOR

 DYNAMO

 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

 CHARGE CONTROLLER

 RELAYS

 SWITCHES

 ADAPTER

 BATTERY
 CAR CHASSIS:
 A chassis is the framework of an
artificial object, which supports the
object in its construction and use.
 An example of a chassis is a vehicle
frame.
 ARDUINO UNO:

 The Arduino UNO is an open-source

microcontroller board based on the Microchip
Atmega328P.

 The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a type B USB cable.
 It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery.
PIN DIAGRAM OF ARDUINO UNO:
Special Pin Functions:
 Serial / UART: pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL
serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
 External Interrupts: pins 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an
interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 Can provide 8-bit PWM
output with the analogWrite() function.
 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These
pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
 TWI (Two Wire Interface) / I²C: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI
communication using the Wire library.
 AREF (Analog REFerence): Reference voltage for the analog inputs.
Features of the Arduino UNO:
 Microcontroller: ATmega328
 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
 DC GEARED MOTOR:

 A DC motor is any of a class of rotary

electrical machines that converts
direct current electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
 The most common types rely on the
forces produced by magnetic fields.
 Nearly all types of DC motors have
some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor.
 Working principle of DC Motor:
 A motor is an electrical machine
which converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy.
 The principle of working of a DC
motor is that "whenever a
current carrying conductor is
placed in a magnetic field, it
experiences a mechanical
force".
Technical Specifications of Motor:
 Voltage: 24 Volt DC
 Output: 450 Watt
 RPM (after Reduction) – 450
 Actual RPM (without Reduction):4500
 Full load current – 24A
 No load Current – 4.2A
 Torque Constant – 9.2Nm (90 kg-cm)
 Torque stall – 14 Nm (140 kg-cm)
 Roller Diameter 0.3 inch
 Roller Width 0.16 inch
 DYNAMO:

 A Dynamo is an Electrical Generator that

creates direct current using
a commutator.
 Today, the simpler alternator dominates
large scale power generator, for
efficiency, reliability and cost reasons.

 Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power

for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-
power conversion devices were based.
Technical Specifications of DYNAMO Motor:

 Operating Voltage: 24V

 Output Power: 350W

 Torque: 3.5Nm

 Construction: Permanent Magnet

 Speed(RPM): 2750 rpm

 Continuous Current(A): 20.A

 G.W: 1KG dc brushed motor

 Diameter: 60mm dc brushed motor

ULTRASONIC SENSOR (HC-SR04):

 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4 pin module, whose pin names are Vcc,
Trigger, Echo and Ground respectively.
 This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many applications where
measuring distance or sensing objects are required.
 The module has two eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic
transmitter and Receiver.
Calculation OF Distance:
Ultrasonic Sensor Features:

 Operating voltage: +5V

 Theoretical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 450cm
 Practical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 80cm
 Accuracy: 3mm
 Measuring angle covered: <15°
 Operating Current: <15mA
 Operating Frequency: 40Hz
RELAYS:
 Relays are switches that open and
close circuits electromechanically
or electronically.

 Relays control one electrical

circuit by opening and closing
contacts in another circuit.

 General purpose relays operate with AC or DC current, at common

voltages such as 12V, 24V, 48V, 120V and 230V, and they can
control currents ranging from 2A- 30A.
 PINOUT OF RELAY:

 COM/POLE= Common.
 NC = Normally Closed.
 NO = Normally Open.
 COM/POLE is connected to this when the relay coil is MAGNETIZED and vice versa.
 CHARGE CONTROLLER OF GEAR MOTOR:
 An Charge controller or Speed controller is an electronic circuit that
controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor.
 It may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic braking.
 Full-size electric vehicles also have systems to control the speed of their
drive motors.

 An electronic speed control follows a speed reference signal (derived from a

throttle lever, joystick).
 ADAPTOR:
 An AC adapter, AC/DC
adapter, or AC/DC
converter is a type of
external power supply,
often enclosed in a case
similar to an AC plug.

 Specs:
 Input voltage: 220-240v.
 Output voltage: 12v Dc.
 Current : 14 Amps.
INTERNAL CIRCUITORY OF ADAPTOR:
BATTERY:

 An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more

electrochemical cells.
 In this project we use 2 units of 12v 26 Amps car battery to run the
vehicle.
Front View Of CAR:
Back View Of CAR: