LINKS

VOLTAGE LINE CHARGE SURVIVAL

LIMITS MVAR POWER

LINE AUX
CURRENTS POWER
 Permissible Voltage Limits
Voltage Under Normal Max permissible Voltage
Condition at the far end of lines
normally kept energized
from one end
Nominal Max Min kV
(kV)
132 145 120 148
220 245 200 245

400 420 360 420

735/765 800 700 800

 Line Charging MVAR

Voltage Conductor used Line Charging

MVAR

800kv Class Four Bersimis 2.91MVAR/km

400kV Twin Moose 0.555MVAR/km

220kV Zebra 0.135MVAR/km

Approximate Voltage rise at Recieving end per 100km of
uncompensated line
0.75 kV for 132kV S/C panther
1.5 kV for 220kV S/C Zebra
3.0kV for 400kV Twin Moose

Approx. Fault Contribution at HV Bus of GT by:-

60 MW ( Hydro) 280 MVA
120 MW (Thermal) 490 MVA
210 MW (Thermal) 735 MVA
500 MW (Thermal) 1800 MVA
Approx. %Voltage rise/fall at a bus due to removal/addition
of a reactor of cap. dQ MVAR

= dQ*100 / Fault MVA of the Bus

300 MVAR INJECTION ON A 5000 MVA BUS WOULD CAUSE A
24 KV RISE!
 Some Important and Useful Thumb Rules

Approx. Line Charging MVAR

132kV Panther: 5 MVAR/100km/ckt
220kV Zebra : 14 MVAR/100km/ckt
400kV Twin Moose: 55 MVAR/100km/ckt
Approx. Line Current
132kV: 4.4 A/MVA
220kV: 2.6 A/MVA
400kV: 1.4 A/MVA
Approx. Voltage drop per 100kM per 100Amp flow at 0.9 p.f.
Lag
5 kV for 132kv S/C Uncompensated Line
3 kV for 220kV S/C Uncompensated Line
1.5kV for 400kV S/C Uncompensated Line
 SURVIVAL POWER
REQUIREMENT
• The survival power requirement of 120 MW
unit is of the order of 250-350 KW while
the requirement of 210 MW unit is of the
order of 350-500 KW and for 500 MW unit,
it is in the order of 1250-1500 KW. As a
general rule, the survival power requirement
would be around 0.25- 0.30% of the unit
capacity.
 AUXILLARY REQUIREMENT
• The start up power is the power required
for the auxiliaries while the generating
unit is restored. The requirement of start
up power by various units is as follows :
• Nuclear & Thermal: 7 to 8% of the unit capacity
• Hydro : 0.5 to 1% of the unit capacity
• Gas : 1.5 to 2%of the unit capacity
• The start up power requirement for starting
the thermal units is considerably high as the
major auxiliaries like BFP, ID Fan. FD fan, CW
pumps etc. are of bigger size and the starting
torque is considerable. In case of hydro units,
the requirement of start-up power is not
significant as there are very few auxiliaries.