CHEMISTRY AND TYPES

OF SHAMPOO

Prepared By
Hemn K.Qadir
Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy
MSc. Student
Introduction…
Terminology
The word shampoo entered the English language from the
Indian Hindi chāmpo (च ाँ पो ), means massage

What's Shampoo?
• Any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap
or detergent used to wash the hair and scalp.
Why using shampoo?
• Cleans the scalp and hair shining
• Removes all external junk without adversely
affecting scalp and hair.
Introduction…
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HAIR
• Composed of a protein called KERATIN
• 90% protein – made up of long chains of
amino acids which in turn are made of
elements
• COHNS elements are the 5 elements that
make up human hair and are found in the skin
and nails
• CARBON, OXYGEN, NITROGEN,
• SULFUR and HYDROGEN
Introduction…
Shampoos and Hair type
The first and most obvious thing to consider when
buying Shampoo is your hair type. Your hair type will
usually fall into one of three categories:
1.Dry, normal, or greasy. Or
2.Combination of types depending on the weather.
3.Colored or heat damaged hair.(treated)
Whatever your hair type, there is a shampoo to cater
for it.
Component Chemistry of Shampoos
• Water 60-80%
• The main ingredient
• Purified or distilled or deionized
• First ingredient usually on product labels
because of largest % of remaining
ingredients
Surfactant Molecule 10-30%
• Surfactant & detergent are synonymous
• Meaning “surface active” agent
• Hydrophilic end (water-hating) ends dissolve in the
oily dirt droplets “head”
• Lipophilic end(water-loving) heads which are
negatively-charged “tail”
A typical shampoo formulation

Surfactant(Detergent) : 10-30%
Thickening agent : 2-5%
Clarifying agent: 5-15%
Protein : 0-3%
Water : 60-80%
Perfume : trace
Colorant : trace
How Shampoo Works?
A push pull action is caused by a surface active
agent causing the oil to “roll up” into droplets that
are lifted and rinsed away.

More than 75%

remove by
water

Remove by
surfactant(shampoo)
 Types of Shampoo
• Acid-balanced
• pH is typically averaged to 4.5
• By adding citric, lactic or phosphoric acid to
any shampoo , Use only for greasy hair
 Types of Shampoo
• Conditioning (Moisturizing shampoos) designed
to make hair smooth & shiny, improve manageability
& avoid damage to dry and treated hair.
• Protein & biotin are agents that restore moisture
& elasticity, strengthen hair shaft & add volume.
Types of Shampoo

• Medicated
• Reduce dandruff or relieve scalp
conditions(ex:2% Zinc Pyrithione)
• Require a prescription
Types of Shampoo
Clarifying
-Contain acidic ingredient like cider vinegar to cut
through product buildup (very acid)
-Increase shine
-Only use as needed (extra oily hair) or (to
remove hair dye) or ( remove wavy (Nigro) hair)
Types of Shampoo
• Balancing shampoo
• Use for normal hair type
Types of Shampoo
Dry or powder shampoo
Used when client’s health prevents a wet shampoo
Cleanses without soap & water
Powder picks up dirt & oils as you brush or comb through hair
Types of Shampoo
• Color-enhancing
• The shampoo surfactant is combined with basic
dyes
• Used to brighten, to add some slight color &
eliminate unwanted color tones
Types of Shampoo

-BABY SHAMPOO
pH adjusted at 5.5 with ( No more tears )
minimum surfactant ‫الدموع بعد اليوم؟‬
For hairpieces & wigs
-Very dilute solution of Carbon tetrachloride
-No harsh shampoos
Special types of shampoo
Premium Products - Contain potassium instead of
sodium in the chemical part of Surfactant.
- Stars Shampoo (high prices).

300 $

140 $

60 $
 Summary
• Don't use any shampoos until you know
your hair type.

• The shampoo is used by applying it to wet

hair.

• Don't use shampoo for more than one or

twice a week.
References:
1.Balsam, S.M., Gershon, S.D., Rieger, M.M., Sagarin, E., and Strianse, S.J.:
COSMETICS– Science and Technology, 2nd edition, Vol‐2, John Wiley India,
New Delhi, 2008 2.

2.Barel, A.O., Paye, M., and Maibach, H.I.: Handbook of Cosmetic Science
and Technology, 3rd Edition, Informa Healthcare, New York.

3.http://us.arcanatura.com/cat-healthcare/how-does-shampoo-
work/

4.http://www.sulfatefreeshampoobrandsinfo.com/chemical-free-shampoo/

5.http://www.thefreedictionary.com/shampoo

6.http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/files/SHAMPOO
S.pdf
The difference between me and my wife just
this soap
List Of Most Expensive Shampoos In The World
periodic table by size
 Na

Electronmicrograph showing new hairs emerging from

the hair follicles of the scalp
25