Topic Outline: Odefinition: Ohow Are Principles Derived? Otypes Oexamples of Principles Owrap Up

TOPIC OUTLINE:
oDefinition
oHow Are Principles Derived?
oTypes
oExamples of Principles
oWrap up
Tuesday, May 7, 2019
Principles Defined
•Etymology
•Old French “principe”
• Latin “principium”
•Greek word “Princeps”
•“the beginning, foundation”
•“First”
Principles Defined
•Serrano and Paez (2015)
•Fundamental practices in teaching
and learning which serves as a
guide for teachers to effect worthy
learning outcomes.
Principles Defined
•Used in different senses.
•Webster-
•A comprehensive law or doctrine
from which others are derived
or on which others are founded.
Principles Defined
•(Acero, 2000)
•Are chief guides to make
teaching and learning effective
and productive.

Principles Defined
•(Acero, 2000)
•Principles are important to the individual,
•Once principles are understood and
accepted,
•Guide his reflective thinking,
•Guide his choice of activities and actions.
Principles Defined
•Principles as used in teaching have broad
meanings and extensions. The term principle
refers to:
•General laws,
•Doctrines,
•Rules of actions,
•Fundamental truths,
Principles Defined
•The term principle also refers to:
•General statements,
•Educational concepts,
•Accepted tenets,
•And the conditions that affect the
teaching-learning process.
How Are Principles Derived?
•Who makes principles?
•Can anyone create his own principles?
•Principles are results of careful and
objective study based on experience,
reality, investigation or
experimentation.
•From the pooling of opinions of
experts,
•From the comparative studies of the
teaching performance of capable and
incapable teachers,
•From the experimental studies of
teaching and learning in the classroom.
•From the results of experiments
which are the universal methods of
deducing principles.
•From the critically analyzed
experience or from systematic
investigations.
(Victorina Acero, et. al.)
1. Active Learning

When is teaching/learning active?
•When students do most of the
work.
•When students are engaged in
studying ideas, solving problems,
applying what they learn.
When is teaching/learning active?
•When the activity is not
sloppy, boring or dry.
•When teaching is fun, supportive,
personally engaging.
•(Victorina Acero, et. al.)
1. Active Learning
I hear and I forget,
I see and I remember,
I do, and I understand,
I teach and I master.
• (Victorina Acero, et. al.)
2. Many Methods
3. Individual Differences
4. Motivation
5. Lesson Planning
6. Well-balanced Curriculum
7. The Power of Suggestion
8. Encouragement
9. Remedial Teaching
10. Democratic Environment
11. Stimulation
12. Integration
13. Life-like situation
14. Independence
Types of Principles
1. STARTING PRINCIPLES
(nature of the learner)
2. GUIDING PRINCIPLES
(methods and techniques of teaching)
3. ENDING PRINCIPLES
(assessment of goals and objectives)
Types of Principles
1. STARTING PRINCIPLES
(nature of the learner)
•Learning is effective when learners
are ready.
•Every learner is unique.
Types of Principles
2. GUIDING PRINCIPLES
(methods and techniques of teaching)
•Many methods
•Life-like situation

Types of Principles
3 .ENDING PRINCIPLES
(assessment of goals and
objectives)
•Authentic assessment
•There’s no one way to measure one’s
learning.
• Basic Principles of Successful Teaching At Any Academic Level
(Edward G. Olsen, et. al)
1. Educate the whole child.
2. Keep the program informal, flexible,
and democratic.
3. Capitalize upon present pupil
interests.
Basic Principles of Successful Teaching At Any Academic Level
4. Let motivation be
intrinsic.
Principles of Teaching
5. Make learning experiences

vivid and direct.
6. Stress problem solving, the basis
of functional learning.
Principles of Teaching
7. Provide for the achievement of

lasting pupil satisfaction.
8. Let the curriculum mirror the
community.
Wrap up:
• The word “principles” originated from
• “princeps”, “principe”, “principium” which means
foundation or beginning
• It has broad meaning and extensions : (Laws, maxims,
general statements, general truths, doctrines, etc.)
• Principles are derived from experiments, experience,
research, comparative studies etc.
• 3 types of principles (starting, guiding, ending)
• “Guides only”, not absolutes.
•In teaching, it is necessary to develop self-
actualized persons. Teachers therefore
should have:
1. Empathic understanding
2. Respect or non-possessive warmth
3. Genuineness
1. Empathic understanding
• Understanding another in an
internal frame of reference
by putting oneself in the
place of another.
2. Respect or non-possessive warmth
• A warm acceptance of the learners as a
person with all his limitations,
deficiencies
• Understanding challenging behaviors
• Acceptance of a child as
s/he is, for what s/he is.
3. Genuineness
•Shows sincerity in dealing and
treatment of the learner.
•Teaches beyond material returns.
•Pure heart to care and nurture.
The totality of these 3 conditions can be
summarized in 2 ways:
1. Humanistic teaching is NON-THREATENING.
•Reduces fear, tension, and anxiety which
are common in classrooms and which
inhibit learning.
2. Humanistic teaching recognizes LOVE as the
basic requirement of a good teacher.

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TOPIC OUTLINE:

Tuesday, May 7, 2019

Tuesday, May 7, 2019

Tuesday, May 7, 2019

5. Make learning experiences

7. Provide for the achievement of

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