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Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
The Sponges
1 Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera Overview
2 Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera Overview
3 Phylum Porifera
Sponge Diversity
Erect Rope
Sponge
Black-ball sponge
Yellow Tube
Sponge
4 Phylum Porifera
Porifera Anatomy
Spongocoel
Ostia
Oscules
5 Phylum Porifera
Collar Cells
6 Phylum Porifera
Sponge Support
Collagen is found
between the inner canals
and chambers
– Mesohyl
Ameboid cells located in
the mesohyl, have
different roles
– Archeocytes
– Sclerocytes
7 Phylum Porifera
Sponge Support
8 Phylum Porifera
Spicules
Collagen is stiffened
by adding microscopic
mineral accretions or
additional protein
fibers (spongin) or
both.
– Spicules: skeleton
structures, made of
calcium carbonate Spicules
(CaCO3) or silicon
dioxide (SiO2).
9 Phylum Porifera
Sponge Types
Porifera Reproduction
Asexual budding
Regeneration: can regenerate from broken
pieces
Sexual
– Usually hermaphroditic with male and female cells
scattered throughout the connective tissue.
11 Phylum Porifera
Porifera Larvae
Neighboring sponges
are fertilized by
sperm entering
through the ostia
– Ciliated mouth less
larvae
(parenchymella) is
released. Parenchymella
12 Phylum Porifera
Porifera Classification
Phylum Porifera
– Class Calcarea
– Class Demospongiae
– Class Hexactinellida
– Sclerospongiae is no
longer considered a
class
14 Phylum Porifera
Class Calcarea
15 Phylum Porifera
Class Demospongiae (Most sponges)
Have spicules made of silicon
dioxide (SiO2) or spongin or a
combination of both
Most sponges belong to this
class (90%)
– Nearly all are leuconoid body
type
Mostly found on the
continental shelf
Spongia spp. (Bath sponge)
16 Phylum Porifera
Class Hexactinellida (Glass
sponges)
Spicules are made of silica
Usually found in deep water on soft substrates in the
tropics 200-1,000m.
Spicules are six pointed and have a lattice-like
structure
Cup, vase or urn shape