Introduction to Matlab

MATLAB
 MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory)
 MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical
computing
 It integrates
 Computation
 Visualization
 Programming, in an easy-to-use environment where problems
and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation.
MATLAB USES
 Math and computation
 Algorithm development
 Data acquisition
 Modeling, simulation, and prototyping
 Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
 Scientific and engineering graphics
 Application development, including GUI building
MATLAB INTRO
 MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is
an array that does not require dimensioning
 Helps to solve technical computing problems, specially those
with matrix and vector formulations, in a fraction of the time
it would take to write a program in a scalar noninteractive
language such as C or Fortran
MATLAB INTRO
 A standard instructional tool for introductory and advanced
courses in mathematics, engineering, and science
 MATLAB is the tool of choice for high-productivity research,
development, and analysis
MATLAB SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT

MATHAMETICAL
FUNCTIONAL LIB

MATLAB
MATLAB SYSTEM
LANGUAGE

GRAPHICS

API
DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
 It has some set of tools and facilities that help us to use
MATLAB functions and files
 This includes the following
 MATLAB desktop
 Command Window
 Command history
 Editor and debugger
 Browsers for viewing help
 Workspace, files, and the search path
MATH FUNCTIONAL LIBRARY
 This is a vast collection of computational algorithms ranging
from elementary functions like,
 Sum
 Sine
 Cosine
 Complex arithmetic
 Matrix inverse
 Matrix eigenvalues
 Bessel functions
 Fast Fourier transforms
MATLAB LANGUAGE
 A high-level matrix/array language with
 Control flow statements
 Functions
 Data structures
 Input/output
 Object-oriented programming features
Allows small, large and complex application programs
GRAPHICS
 MATLAB has extensive facilities for displaying vectors and
matrices as graphs, as well as annotating and printing those
graphs
 It includes high-level functions for
 2-D & 3-D data visualization
 Image processing
 Animation
 presentation graphics
 GUI
API

 This is a library that allows you to write C and Fortran

programs that interact with MATLAB

 It includes facilities for

 Calling routines from MATLAB (dynamic linking)
 Calling MATLAB as a computational engine
 For reading and writing MAT-files
Matlab Files
 M file (matlab file)
 .Mdl file (simulink model file)
 .GUI file (Grapical user interface file)
ARITHMATIC OPERATORS
plus - Plus +
uplus - Unary plus +
minus - Minus -
uminus - Unary minus -
mtimes - Matrix multiply *
times - Array multiply .*
mpower - Matrix power ^
power - Array power .^
mldivide - Backslash or left matrix divide \
mrdivide - Slash or right matrix divide /
ldivide - Left array divide .\
rdivide - Right array divide ./
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
eq - Equal ==
ne - Not equal ~=
lt - Less than <
gt - Greater than >
le - Less than or equal <=
ge - Greater than or equal >=
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Short-circuit logical AND &&
Short-circuit logical OR ||
and - Element-wise logical AND &
or - Element-wise logical OR |
not - Logical NOT ~
xor - Logical EXCLUSIVE OR
any - True if any element of vector is nonzero
all - True if all elements of vector are nonzero
BITWISE OPERATORS
bitand - Bit-wise AND
bitcmp - Complement bits
bitor - Bit-wise OR
bitmax - Maximum floating point integer
bitxor - Bit-wise XOR
bitset - Set bit
bitget - Get bit
bitshift - Bit-wise shift
VECTORS
a = [1 2 3 4 5 6 9 8 7] ;

t = 0:2:20
t = 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

b=a+2

b = 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 10 9

c=a+b
c = 4 6 8 10 12 14 20 18 16
MATRICES
B = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12] ;

B=1234
5678
9 10 11 12

C = B'

C=159
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
BASIC MATRIX OPERATORS
X = inv(E) ;%INVERSE OF THE MATRIX
[A,H] = eig(E) %eigen value &vector
p = poly(E) %polynomial
c = abs(y) ;
D=min(a);
D=max(a);

Convolution
x = [1 2];
y = [1 4 8];
z = conv(x,y)
[xx, R] = deconv(z,y)
PLOT
t=0:0.25:7;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y)
MATRICES & ARRAYS
 In MATLAB, a matrix is a rectangular array of numbers
 Stores numeric and non-numeric data as matrix
 Where other programming languages work with numbers
one at a time, MATLAB allows us to work with entire
matrices quickly and easily
PLOT
t=0:0.25:7;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y) ;
xlabel('x axis');
ylabel('y axis');
title('Heading');
grid on;
gtext('text');
IF LOOP
a=6;

if a > 6

disp('a is greater');

elseif a==0

disp('a is zero');

else

disp('a is smaller');

end
FOR LOOP
a=5;

for i=1:5

a=a+1

end

disp(a);

ANS a =10
WHILE LOOP
a=5;

while a < 10
a=a+1;

end

disp(a);
Ans a =10
FUNCTION
function c=add(a,b);
c=a+b; function c=mul(a,b);
return c=a*b;
return

Main
a=5;
b=6;
c=add(a,b);
disp(c);
d=mul(a,b);
disp(d);
SWITCH (NUMERICAL)
a=input('enter---->');
switch a
case 1
fprintf('one');
case 2
fprintf('two');
case 3
fprintf('three');
case 4
fprintf('four');
otherwise
fprintf('otherwise');
end
 READ AN IMAGE
a =imread('cameraman.tif'); a =imread('flowers.tif');
imshow(a); imshow(a);
pixval on; pixval on;
READ AN AUDIO FILE

a =wavread('test.wav');
wavplay(a,44100);
Plot(a);
 READ A VIDEO FILE

a=aviread('movie.avi');
movie(a);
ADD TWO IMAGES

I = imread('rice.tif'); I = imread('rice.tif');
J = imread('cameraman.tif'); J = imadd(I,50);
K = imadd(I,J,'uint16'); subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
imshow(K,[]) subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)
SUBTRACT TWO IMAGES
I = imread('rice.tif');
Iq = imsubtract(I,50);
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(Iq)
CONVERT IMAGE TO GRAY AND BINARY

clc;
clear;
close all
a= imread('flowers.tif');
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(a);
subplot(2,2,2);
b=imresize(a,[256 256]);
imshow(b);
subplot(2,2,3);
c=rgb2gray(b);
imshow(c);
subplot(2,2,4);
d=im2bw(c);
imshow(d);
 RGB COMPONENT
a=imread('flowers.tif');
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(a);
R=a;
G=a;
B=a;
R(:,:,2:3)=0;
subplot(2,2,2);
imshow(R);
G(:,:,1)=0;
G(:,:,3)=0;
subplot(2,2,3);
imshow(G);
B(:,:,1)=0;
B(:,:,2)=0;
subplot(2,2,4);
imshow(B);
CONVERT IMAGE TO 1-D

a = imread('cameraman.tif');

[r c]=size(a);

Len=r*c;

b=reshape(a,[1 Len]);
 CONVER MOVIE TO FRAMES
file=aviinfo('movie1.avi'); % to get inforamtaion abt video file
frm_cnt=file.NumFrames % No.of frames in the video file
str2='.bmp'
h = waitbar(0,'Please wait...');
for i=1:frm_cnt
frm(i)=aviread(filename,i); % read the Video file
frm_name=frame2im(frm(i)); % Convert Frame to image file
frm_name=rgb2gray(frm_name);%convert gray
filename1=strcat(strcat(num2str(i)),str2);
imwrite(frm_name,filename1); % Write image file
waitbar(i/frm_cnt,h)
end
close(h)
CONVERT FRAMES TO MOVIES
frm_cnt=5;
number_of_frames=frm_cnt;
filetype='.bmp';
display_time_of_frame=1;
mov = avifile('MOVIE.avi');
count=0;
for i=1:number_of_frames
name1=strcat(num2str(i),filetype);
a=imread(name1);
while count<display_time_of_frame
count=count+1;
imshow(a);
F=getframe(gca);
mov=addframe(mov,F);
end
count=0;
end
mov=close(mov);
READ A TEXT FILE
fid = fopen('message.txt','r');
ice1= fread(fid);
s = char(ice1');
fclose(fid);
disp(s);

Ans hello
 WRITE A TEXT FILE

txt=[65 67 68 69];
fid = fopen('output.txt','wb');
fwrite(fid,char(txt),'char');
fclose(fid);

ANS =ACDE
STORE AN IMAGE,AUDIO
a =imread('cameraman.tif');
imwrite(a,'new.bmp');

a=wavread('test.wav');
wavwrite(d,44100,16,'nTEST.WAV');
SAVE AND LOAD THE VARIABLE
A=5;
save A A;

load A

B=1;
C=A+B;
disp(C);
WAVELET TRANSFORM

a =imread('cameraman.tif');

[LL LH HL HH]=dwt2(a,'haar');

Dec=[...
LL,LH
HL,HH
...
];

imshow(Dec,[]);
 DCT TRANSFORM

a=imread('cameraman.tif');
subplot(1,3,1);imshow(a,[]);
b=dct2(a);
subplot(1,3,2);imshow(b,[]);title('DCT');
c=idct2(b);
subplot(1,3,3);imshow(c,[]);title('IDCT');
 NOISE AND FILTER

I = imread('eight.tif');
J = imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.02);
K = medfilt2(J);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(J)
subplot(1,2,2);imshow(K)