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“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON USE

OF RECYCLED PLASTIC AS
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF
COARSE AGGREGATE AND FINE
AGGREGATE WITH M – SAND”

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 CONTENT
Materials
Methodology
 Concrete Mix design
Test on concrete

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 MATERIALS
Cement:
Different grades of cement are suitable for preparing
concrete mix and choice of cement content depends on required
strength and permeability of the mix. In this present study
ordinary Portland cement of grade 43 is used conforming to the IS
12269 – 1987 requirements.
Physical characteristics of cement
SL DETAILS RESULTS AS PER
NO IS 12269-1987
1 Consistency 36% -
2 Specific gravity 3.16 -
3 Initial setting 35mins Min 30 mins
4 Final setting 190 mins Max 600 mins
5 Fineness 7% Not exceed 10 %
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 COARSE AGGREGATE
 Normal crushed stone of maximum size 20mm was adopted in
present study.
 Combined grading of coarse aggregate is incorporated that is
50 percent retained on 10mm and 50 percent passing 10 mm
and retained on 4.75 mm were used in this study.
Physical characteristics of coarse aggregate
SL DETAILS RESULTS PERMISSIBLE AS PER IS CODES
NO VALUES
1 Specific gravity 2.77 2.5 – 3.5 2386(part III) :1963
2 Water absorption 0.8% 0.1% - 2% 2386(part III) :1963
3 Impact value 21.19% Max 30% 2386(part IV) :1963
4 Flakiness index 13.89% Max 15% 2386(part I) :1963
5 Elongation index 20% Max 15% 2386(part I) :1963
6 Angularity number 9 0 – 11 2386(part I) :1963
7 Crushing strength 20% Max 30% 2386(part IV) :1963 5
 FINE AGGREGATE
 Fine aggregate plays an important role in concrete.
 Adding percentage of fine aggregate is responsible for
permeability and strength.
 In this present study locally obtainable M-sand is utilized as
fine aggregate.
Physical characteristics of fine aggregates
SL NO DETAILS RESULTS AS PER
IS 383 – 1970
1 Specific gravity 2.66 -
2 Water absorption 1.12% -
3 Fineness modulus 98 -
4 Sieve analysis Grading zone II Grading zone II

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 PLASTIC AGGREGATE
 The recycled plastic is crushed into pieces in a machine at
factory in Nayandahalli, Bengaluru.
 The size of plastic is 20mm passing and 12mm retaining .

Physical characteristics of plastic

SL NO TESTS VALUES

1 Specific gravity 0.97

2 Impact value 0.00

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 METHODOLOGY
 Fine aggregate:
1) Sieve analysis (M – sand)
2) Moisture content
3) Water absorption
4) Specific gravity

 Cement:
1) Fineness of cement
2) Specific gravity
3) Standard consistency test
4) Initial settlement of cement 8
 Coarse aggregate:
1) Specific gravity
2) Impact value
3) Flakiness index
4) Elongation index
5) Angularity number
6) Water absorption

 Plastic:
1) Specific gravity
2) Impact value
3) Water absorption
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 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
 Target mean strength for mix proportioning:
f ‘ck=fck + 1.65 s
Where,
• f’ck = Target average compressive strength at 28 days, fck =
Characteristic compressive strength 28 days s = Standard
deviation.
• From Table 1 (IS:10262- 2009) standard deviation, s = 4
N/mm2 Therefore target strength = 20 + 1.65 x 4 = 26.60
N/mm2 .
 Selection of Water Cement Ratio:
• From Table 5 of IS: 456-2000, maximum water cement ratio =
0.5 (Mild exposure) Based on experience adopt water cement
ratio as 0.45.
• 0.45 < 0.5, hence ok.
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 Selection of Water Content:
• From Table-2(IS:10262- 2009),
maximum water content = 186 litres (for 25mm - 50mm
slump range) For 20 mm aggregates.
• Estimated water content for 75 mm slump= 186 + 3/100
x186 = 191.6 litres.
 Calculation of Cement Content:
• Water cement ratio = 0.45
• Cement content = 191.6/0.45 = 425.7 kg/m3>250kg/m3
(given)
• From Table 5 of IS: 456, minimum cement content for
mild exposure condition = 250 kg/m3
Hence OK
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 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate
Content:

• From Table 3(IS:10262- 2009), volume of coarse aggregate

corresponding to 20 mm size aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone I)
for water-cement ratio of 0.45 = 0.61.
• In the present case w/c ratio is 0.45.Therefore, volume of coarse
aggregate is required to be increased to decrease the fine aggregate
content. As the w/c ratio is lowered by 0.10, the proportion of
volume of coarse aggregate is increased by 0.02(at the rate of +/-
0.01 for every +/- 0.05 change in w/c ratio).

• Therefore, corrected proportion of volume of coarse aggregate for

the w/c ratio of 0.45 = 0.63
• Volume of fine aggregate =1-0.63=0.37

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 Mix Calculations:
• The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows: Volume
of concrete (a): 1m3
• Volume of cement (b) = (mass of cement/specific gravity of cement) *1/1000
= [430/3.16] x [1/1000] = 0.136 m3
• Volume of water(c) = (mass of water/specific gravity of water) *1/1000
= [192/1] x [1/1000] = 0.192 m3
• Volume of all in aggregates (e) = a-(b+c)
= 1 - (0.136 + 0.192) =0.672
• Mass of coarse aggregates = e * volume of coarse aggregates* specific
gravity of CA
=0.672 x 0.63 x 2.772x 1000
=1173.55 kg
• Volume of fine aggregates = e * volume of fine aggregates* specific gravity
of FA
=0.672 x 0.37 x 2.66x 1000
=661.38kg
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 Mix proportions for Trial Number 1:
• Cement = 430 kg/m3
• Water = 192 kg/m3
• Fine aggregate = 661.38 kg/m3
• Coarse aggregates = 1173.55 kg/m3
• Water cement ratio = 0.45
 Field correction:
 Water absorption of CA = 0.8%
=0.8/100 * 1173.55 = 9.38 liters
• Water absorption of FA = 1.12%
= 1.12/100 * 661.38 = 7.40 liters
• Total absorption = 9.38 + 7.40 = 16.38 liters
• Actual amount of water to be used = 192 + 16.78 = 208.78 liters
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 Proportion of materials at site:
 Cement = 430 kg/m3
 Water = 208.78 kg/m3
 FA = 661.38 kg/m3
 CA = 1173.55 kg/m3
 w/c ratio = 0.45
 Mix proportion for m3:

Water content Cement FA CA

Kg Kg Kg
208.78 430 661.38 1173.55
208.78 1 1.54 2.73

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 TESTS ON CONCRETE
 Slump cone test:
• Workability is a term associated with freshly prepared concrete. This can be
defined as the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted
and finished. Slump test is the most commonly used method of measuring
‘workability’ of concrete in a laboratory or at site of work. It is used
conveniently as a control test and gives an indication of uniformity of
concrete from batch to batch. Vertical settlement of a standard cone of
freshly prepared concrete is called ‘slump’.
 Apparatus:
Slump cone (bottom diameter = 20 cm, top diameter = 10 cm,
height=30 cm), Weighing balance, tray, standard tamping rod, concrete
mixer.
 Materials used:
Cement, Fine aggregate, stone chips (Coarse aggregate) and
water
Concrete Mix: 1:1.6:2.6 (w/c=0.45).The ingredients are by weight.
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 Formula:
• Slump Value = H1- H2 Procedure:
• Take Mix proportion: 1: 1.5:3 by weight; Use W/C ratio=-0.3.3.

 Procedure:
• Prepare three mixes.
• Clean the internal surface of the mould thoroughly and it should be freed
from superfluous moisture.
• Place the mould on a smooth, horizontal, rigid and non-absorbent surface,
such as a carefully leveled metal plate, and fixed it.
• Fill the mould with freshly prepared concrete in four layers and compact each
layer by tamping with 25 strokes of temping rod. After the top layer has been
rodded, struck off the excess concrete, make level with a trowel or tamping
rod.
• Carefully lift the mould vertically upwards, so as not to disturb the concrete
cone.
• Determine the level difference between the height of the mould and the
highest point of the subsided concrete.
• Height difference in mm is taken as Slump of concrete.

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 Observation for slump test

SL W/C RATIO PERCENTAGE OF HEIGHT OF HEIGHT OF SLUMP

NO PLASTIC MOULD H1 SUBSIDED H1 – H2
REPLACED(%) (mm) CONCRETE (mm)
H2 (mm)
1 0.45 0 300 245 55

2 0.45 5 300 245 55

3 0.45 10 300 245 55

4 0.45 15 300 200 100

5 0.45 20 300 200 100

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 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
 Testing hardened concrete plays an important role in controlling and
conforming the quality of cement concrete work. The main factor in
favour of the use of concrete in structures is its compressive
strength. One of the important properties of the hardened concrete is
its strength which represents its ability to resist forces. The
compressive strength of the concrete is considered to be the most
important and is often taken as an
index of the overall quality of concrete. The compressive strength of
concrete is defined as the load which causes the failure of specimen
per unit cross section on compression under given rate of loading.
 Apparatus:
Cube moulds 150mm size, weighing machine, ramming
rods, compression testing machine.

 Formula:
Compressive Strength =Load/ Cross-sectional Area
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 Procedure:
• Take three cube moulds for each mix. Assemble the mould with base plate so
that it is rigidly held together.
• Clean the inside of the mould and see that joints (at the edges) are perfectly
tight.
• Pour properly mixed concrete for the given mix to the cube moulds.
• Compaction by needle vibrator will be preferred. If vibrator is not available,
hand compaction is to be done by placing concrete in three layers; each layer be
compacted with the help of standard temping rod by means of 25 blows.
• Level the concrete at the top of the mould by means of trowel and give proper
identification mark of the specimen.
• Keep the cubes in laboratory for 24 hours.
• After 24 hours, dismantle the plates of cube mould and take out the hardened
concrete cubes carefully so that edges specimens are not damaged.
• Immerse the cubes in curing tank filled with water. Keep it for curing up to 28
days.
• Test the cubes after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing to find the compressive
strength.
• Tabulate Compressive strength for each cube and calculate average value for
each mix.

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% PLASTIC PEAK LOAD (N) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(N/mm2)

ADDED 7TH DAYS 14TH 28TH 7TH DAYS 14TH DAYS 28TH DAYS
215000 835000 735000 9.56 37.11 32.67
0% 184000 787000 686000 8.18 34.98 30.48
384000 514000 705000 17.07 22.84 31.33
494000 437000 600000 21.96 19.42 26.67
5% 512000 399000 688000 22.76 17.73 30.57
523000 439000 560000 23.24 19.51 24.88
421000 495000 589000 18.71 22.00 26.17
10% 425000 449000 522000 18.89 19.96 23.2
452000 528000 493000 20.09 23.47 21.91
423000 372000 557000 18.80 16.53 24.75
15% 387000 484000 489000 17.20 21.51 21.73
411000 519000 540000 18.27 23.07 24
437000 430000 19.42 19.11
20% 399000 464000 17.73 20.62
439000 471000 19.51 20.93
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 7 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2)

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15

compressive strength
10

0
0 5 10 15 20

PERCENTAGE OF PLASTIC ADDED(%) 22

 14 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2)

30

25

20
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20
PERCENTAGE OF PLASTIC ADDED(%)
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