Poverty Alleviation

Schemes
Prepared By:
Rishabh Mishra
Sarthak Mittal
Content

 What Is Poverty?
 Causes?
 Effects?
 What is Alleviation?
 Few Latest schemes.
 Few Old Schemes.
 POVERTY
ABSOLUTE
 The World Bank's international
poverty line definition is based on
purchasing power parity basis, at
$1.25 per day.
RELATIVE
 The poverty line for the urban and
rural areas could be provisionally
placed at Rs.965 per capita per
month (around Rs.32 per day) and
Rs.781 per capita per month
(around Rs.26 per day),
respectively.
 CAUSES

 High population growth rate is one of major reasons of poverty in India.

 High level of illiteracy.
 Poor health care facilities.
 Lack of access to financial resources.
 Increasing prices of even basic commodities.
 Caste system and unequal distribution of income and resources.
 EFFECTS OF POVERTY

 having problems in getting your basic needs met and accessing decent housing,
health services and schools and life long learning opportunities
 living in an unsafe neighbourhood with higher levels of crime and violence and
poor environmental conditions or in a remote and isolated rural area
 going without basic necessities because you may not be able to afford essential
utilities like heat and electricity or to buy healthy food or new clothing or to use
public transport
 living from day to day with no savings or reserves for times of crisis such as losing
a job or falling ill and thus falling into debt
 being exploited and forced into illegal situations & experiencing racism and
discrimination
 being unable to participate in normal social and recreational life such as going to
the pub or cinema or sports events or visiting friends or buying birthday presents
for family members
 Where is the Poverty in India?

 60% of the poor still reside in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya
Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The reason for these
states to be in the category of the poorest state is because 85% of tribal
people live there. Also, most of these regions are either flood-prone or suffer
from calamities.
 ALLIEVATION

 The action or process of making suffering, deficiency, or a problem less

severe.
 Poverty Alleviation, is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian,
that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty.
 SCHEMES BY REPUBLIC OF INDIA
 1. Legal elimination of bonded labourers.
 2. Preventing the centralisation of wealth by modifying the law.
 3. Antyodaya plan.
 4. Small Farmers Development Programme (SFDP)
 5. Drought Area Development Programme (DADP)
 6. Twenty point programme
 7. Food for work programme
 8. Minimum needs programme (MNP)
 9. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)
 10. National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)
 11. Rural Labour Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)
 SCHEMES BY REPUBLIC OF INDIA
 12. TRYSEM scheme
 13. Jawahar Rojgar Yojna (JRY)
 14. Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna.
 15. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
 16. Rural Housing Programme.
 17. Indira A was Yojana.
 18. Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Yojna.
 19. Nehru Rozgar Yojna (NRY)
 20. Self-Employment Programme for the Urban Poor, (SEPUP)
 21. Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMIUPEP)
 SCHEMES BY REPUBLIC OF INDIA
1. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP): The Integrated Rural
Development Programme (IRDP), which was introduced in 1978-79 and
universalized from 2nd October, 1980, aimed at providing assistance to the rural
poor in the form of subsidy and bank credit for productive employment
opportunities through successive plan periods. On 1st April, 1999, the IRDP and
allied programmes were merged into a single programme known as Swarnajayanti
Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). The SGSY emphasizes on organizing the rural
poor into self-help groups, capacity-building, planning of activity clusters, infra-
structure support, technology, credit and marketing linkages.
2. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana/Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana:
Under the Wage Employment Programmes, the National Rural Employment
Programme (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme
(RLEGP) were started in Sixth and Seventh Plans. The NREP and RLEGP were
merged in April 1989 under Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY). The JRY was meant to
generate meaningful employment opportunities for the unemployed and
underemployed in rural areas through the creation of economic infrastructure
and community and social assets. The JRY was revamped from 1st April, 1999, as
Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY). It now became a programme for the
creation of rural economic infrastructure with employment generation as the
secondary objective.
3. Rural Housing – Indira Awaas Yojana:
The Indira Awaas Yojana (LAY) programme aims at providing free housing to Below
Poverty Line (BPL) families in rural areas and main targets would be the
households of SC/STs. It was first merged with the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) in
1989 and in 1996 it broke away from JRY into a separate housing scheme for the
rural poor.
4. Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY):
The JGSY, EAS and Food for Work Programme were revamped and merged under
the new Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) Scheme from 1st September,
2001. The main objective of the scheme continues to be the generation of wage
employment, creation of durable economic infrastructure in rural areas and
provision of food and nutrition security for the poor.
5. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
2005:
It was launched on February 2, 2005. The Act provides 100 days assured
employment every year to every rural household. One-third of the proposed jobs
would be reserved for women. The central government will also establish
National Employment Guarantee Funds. Similarly, state governments will establish
State Employment Guarantee Funds for implementation of the scheme. Under the
programme, if an applicant is not provided employment within 15 days s/he will
be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.
 Gram Swaraj Abhiyan...

 The Union Government launched “Gram Swaraj Abhiyan- Special

Interventions”, an high-intensity outreach programme to deliver welfare
schemes to select villages which need particular attention. It was launched on
the occasion of Dr. B.R Ambedkar Jayanti (14 April).
 Abhyan was launched on the lines of rural development schemes like
Antyodaya based on principle of convergence and saturation.
 Objectives is to promote social harmony, reach out to the poor rural
households, obtain feedback on on-going programs, enroll in new initiative,
focus on doubling farmers income, enhance lively hood opportunities and re-
emphasise national priorities such as cleanliness and strengthen Panchayat
Raj Institution.
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