Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing General Tolerance: Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing General Tolerance: Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing General Tolerance: Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
GEOMETRICAL
DIMENSIONING &
TOLERANCING
General Tolerance
1
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Tolerance
Tolerance is the total amount by which a
specified dimension is allowed to vary.
One way to specify the tolerance is to
show the plus and minus tolerance value
next to the nominal dimension. This is
called conventional tolerance.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Conventional Tolerance
Two way of conventional tolerances specified in the
drawing:-
Conventional Tolerance
Equal Bilateral
10.0 ± 0.3 Tolerance
Tolerance Note
Tolerance Note
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
GEOMETRICAL
DIMENSIONING &
TOLERANCING
Assembly Tolerances
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Assembly Tolerances
Making parts fit together in an assembly is
one of the major challenges in
manufacturing. It is the primary reason
why the tolerances of certain dimensions
on parts are very important.
Assembly Tolerances
Clearance =
LMC Hole – LMC Shaft
(Largest Hole – Smallest Shaft)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Minimum Interference =
LMC Shaft – LMC Hole
(Smallest Shaft – Largest Hole)
Maximum Interference =
MMC Shaft – MMC Hole
(Largest Shaft – Smallest Hole)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Baseline Dimensioning
Chain Dimensioning
Feature
Feature of Size
GEOMETRICAL
DIMENSIONING &
TOLERANCING
Fundamentals of GD&T
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Define GD&T
Define GD&T
The shaft still meets the diameter tolerance at any point along its
length. But what if the shaft is bent? The shaft will not fit inside the
hole. This shows that controlling other features of a part during
manufacturing process can be important, in addition to just length or
width.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Define GD&T
Form Feature
Profile Feature
Orientation Feature
Location Feature
Run-out
Run-out is all-in-one measurement that is used to
measure the total error of the surface of a
cylindrical part.
Run-out can be measured by rotating the part in a
lathe chuck and measuring with an indicator how
the distance of the points along the outside
surface of a cylinder vary from the center axis.
This measurement picks up errors due to
straightness, cylindricity, concentricity and
others.
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Run-out
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
GD&T Symbols