Physics Department

Devendra Chaurasia
M.Sc.(Physics)- ist Sem., Roll no. - 18
Presentation on Operational Amplifier

Under the guidence of,

Madan Sir
OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIER
(Parameters)
CONTENTS :-

 Introduction to Op-amp
 Block Diagram
 Symbol
 Pin Identifiation
 Input Offset Voltage
 Input Offset Current
 Input Bias Current
 Common Mode Rejection Ratio
 Slew Rate
INTRODUCTION :-

 The Operational Amplifier is available as a

single integrated circuit package.

 It is a versatile device that can be used to amplify

DC as well as AC input signals.

 It was originally designed for performing

mathematical operations like
addition,subtraction , differentiation &
integration etc.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OP-AMP :-
 An operational amplifier is a direct coupled high-
gain amplifier usually consisting of one or more
differential amplifiers an usually followed by a
level translator and an output stage.

 Block diagram of op-amp is given below:-

Input Stage Intermediate Level Output
Stage Translator Stage

dual input dual input complementary

balanced output unbalanced output symmetry push pull
amplifier
SYMBOL :-

Output voltage is given by,

V0= Ad.(V1-V2)
THE PIN IDENTIFICATION :-
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE :-

 Input offset voltage is the voltage that must be

applied between the two input terminals of an op-
amp to null the output, as shown in fig. Vdc1 and
Vdc2 are the DC voltages . We denote the input
offset voltage by Vio, this voltage could be +ve or
–ve . For a 741C, the maximum value of Vio is 6
mV.

Vio = (Vdc1-Vdc2)
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT :-

 The algebraic difference between the currents

into the inverting and non-inverting terminals is
referred to as input offset current,Iio.

I io = | Ib1-Ib2|
INPUT BIAS CURRENT :-
 It is the average of the bias currents entering
into the two input terminals of a balanced
amplifier.
i.e.
IB =
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO :-

 The common mode rejection ratio is defined as

the ratio of the differential voltage gain Ad to the
common mode gain Acm;
That is,

The differential voltage gain is the same as the

large-signal voltage gain A, however the common
mode voltage gain can be determined from the
circuit , using the equation
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF CMRR :-
 (Common mode) (Differential mode)

 Generally the Acm is very small and Ad =A is very

large. Being a large value , CMRR is most often
expressed in decibels(dB).

CMRR in dB = 20.log10

For the 741C, CMRR is 90 dB typically.

SLEW RATE :-

 It is defined as the maximum rate of change of

output voltage per unit of time and is expressed
in volts per microseconds. In equation form,

The graphical representation is shown as;

 Slew rate indicates how rapidly the output of an op-
amp can change in response to changes in the input
frequency.The slew rate of the 741C is

 The output voltage equation is given by,

V0= Vp.sin wt
diff. w.r.t time t, we get

The rate of change of output voltage occurs when cos

wt=1, i.e.
S.R.= Vpw

S.R.= Vp.2 π f .
Thank You