Science Form 4

Chapter 2 Body Coordination

2.5 The Human Brain
2.6 Hormonal Coordination
in the Body
The Human Brain
The Human Brain
2. 5 The Human Brain

cerebrum

cerebellum
Medulla
oblongata
 cerebrum

cerebellum
Medulla
oblongata
Thought Movement of limbs
and Sensory
reasoning area (touch,
Speech pain)
Taste, Memory
smell sight
Hearing
Functions of various parts of the cerebrum
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• MRI is widely used in hospitals and clinics
for medical diagnosis, staging of disease and
follow-up without exposing the body
to radiation.
 2.6 Hormonal Coordination
in the Body
The Endocrine System (内分泌系统)
- Function: secreting (分泌)hormones(激素).
- Endocrine glands(腺)are ductless(无管)glands.
- Hormones are chemical substances produced
by endocrine glands.
- Hormones are secreted directly into the
bloodstream.
Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Pancreas
Adrenal gland

Testis Ovary
 Pituitary gland
• Hormone : produces growth hormone and
hormones that stimulate (刺激) other
endocrine glands.
• Function: known as master gland because it
produces hormone that control other
endocrine glands.
Pituitary gland
 Thyroid gland
Hormone : thyroxine
Function:
• controls the rate of metabolism
• regulates body growth brain development.
Thyroid gland
 Pancreas
Hormone : insulin and glucagon
Function :
• Insulin converts glucose to glycogen in
lowering blood glucose level.
• Glucagon converts glycogen to glucose in
increasing blood glucose level.
Pancreas
 Adrenal gland
Hormone : adrenaline
Function :
• Prepares body for action during emergency.
 Testis / Testes
Hormone : testosterone
Function :
• Development of male secondary sexual
characterisics
 Ovary / Ovaries
Hormone : progesterone and oestrogen
Function :
• Progesterone controls menstrual cycle
• Oestrogen controls the development of
female secondary sexual characteristics.
 Effects of hormonal imbalance
Hormone Effects

Under Over
secretion secretion
Growth Dwarfism Gigantism
hormone
Dwafism
Gigantism
Hormone Effects

Under Over
secretion secretion
thyroxine Low metabolic High metabolic
rate, rate,
Stunted Weight loss,
growth,
Causes goitre Protruded eyes
Goitre
Hormone Effects

Under Over
secretion secretion
insulin Diabetes Low blood
mellitus glucose level,
Weakness
Hormone Effects
Under Over
secretion secretion
Adrenaline Ability to Levels of
overcome glucose and
daily salt in the
pressure blood is high,
decreases, High blood
weak pressure
muscles
Hormone Effects

Under Over
secretion secretion
Progesterone Menstrual
problem,
headache,
constipation,
miscarriage
Constipation
Baby miscarriage at 12 weeks
Hormone Effects

Under Over
secretion secretion
Estrogen Under Highly
development of female
female secondary
sexual
characteristics
Highly female
Hormone Effects

Under Over
secretion secretion
Testosterone Under Highly
development masculine
of male
secondary
sexual
characteristic
Highly masculine