BOILERS

Submitted to: Dr.Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz

Submitted by: Umar Zulfiqar
Roll no: 16361507-025
Course title: Applied Chemistry-I (Theory)
Course code: CHEM-319
Semester: spring -2019
 What is boiler………………………………………………………………………...……3
Difference between boiler and steam generator…………………….……..4
Characteristic of boiler…………………………………………………………….…..5
Sources of heat………………………………………………………………………..….6
Main components………………………………………………………………...........7
Types of boiler ……………………………………………………………………….…….8
Furnace………………………………………………………………………………….…..12
Contents:- Heat loss in boiler…………………………………………………………................13
References………………………………………………………………………………….14
List of figures
Fig 1 showing simple boiler………………………………………………………….....7
Fig 2 fire tube ………………………………………………………………………………...9
Fig 3 water tube boiler……………………………………………………………………10
Fig 4 heat loss in boiler………………………………………………………………..…13

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What is Boiler:-

■ Boiler is a closed vessel in which the water under pressure is transferred into the steam by the
application of heat.

■ Function:
The function of boiler is to transfer the heat to the water in the efficient manner.

■ Working:
The chemical energy converted into the heat energy by the combustion process which is absorb by boiler.
■ Quality:
A boiler must be designed to absorb the maximum amount of heat release in the process of combustion.

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Difference between boiler and steam
generator.
Boiler
■ Water convert into steam by
boiling at sub-critical pressures, the
steam-generating equipment
system is called a "Steam Boiler"
■ If the pressure is 1-300 psi then it
is called boiler.
■ Sub-critical steam generator is
called Steam Boiler.
Steam generator
■ Water Convert into steam without
boiling at super-critical pressures, the
equipment system is called "Steam
Generator".
■ And if the pressure is greater than
300 psi then it is called steam
generator.
■ upper-critical Steam boiler is called
Steam Generator.
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What should characteristic of boiler?

Light in weight
Generate Proper safety
and do not occupy
maximum steam regulation
large space

Easily accessible
Cheaper in cost for inception and
repair

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Sources of heat in boiler

WOOD COAL DIESEL NATURAL NUCLEAR

GAS ENERGY

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 Main components
of boiler:-

■ Heating source
■ Boiler feed
■ Economizer

Fig 1 showing simple boiler diagram

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 Fire tube boiler

Water tube boiler

Types of
Boiler
Package boiler
other
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Fire tube boiler:-

 In fire tube steam boiler, the flames and the

hot gases produced by the combustion of fuel
pass through the tubes( called the multi tubes)
which are surrounded by water.
 The heat is conducted through the walls of the
tube from the hot gases through the
surrounding water.

 Relatively small steam capacities
 Operate with oil, gas or solid fuel

Fig 2 showing fire tube boiler

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Water tube boiler:-

 The water is contained inside the tube ( called

water tubes) which are surrounded by flames and
hot gases from outside.
 Use for high steam demand and pressure
requirement
 Capacity range from 4,500 – 12,000 kg / hour.

Fig 3 showing water tube boiler

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Package boiler:-

■ It comes as a complete package that is why it

is called package boiler, It is generally shell
type with fire tube design.
■ Large number of small diameter tubes leading
to good heat transfer,
■ It has high thermal efficiency as compared to
other types of boiler.

Fig 4 showing package boiler

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Furnace

■ A furnace is a primary part of the boiler where chemical energy available in the fuel
converted into thermal energy by combustion process,
■ A furnace is designed for efficient and complete combustion.

 Majors factors of efficient combustion.

 Time of fuel inside the furnace
 Temperature inside the furnace
 Mixing of coal and air

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Heat loss in boiler:-

1. Heat loss due to un-burnt carbon

2. Heat loss due to moisture in the fuel
3. Heat loss due to surface radiation

Fig 5 showing types of heat loses in

boiler 13
References:-

■ www.thermodyneboilers.com (10 April 2019,

11:10pm)
■ Frederick M. Steingress (2001). Low Pressure
Boilers (4th ed.). American Technical
Publishers(10 April 2019, 11:15pm).
■ ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section I, PG-5.5, American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (2010) (10 April 2019,
11:15pm).

■ https://www.slideshare.net/balrammeena144
/ppt-on-boiler(10 April 2019, 11:15pm).

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