Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammato

ry disease of the CNS. MS is a relatively c
ommon neurological degenerative disord
er and can be debilitating in some who a
re diagnose with the disease. Known for
its combination of remission times and its
exacerbation of the disease
symptomatology
MS is the major cause of chronic disability in
young adults. Onset of symptoms usually occ
urs between the ages of 20 and 40. There is s
ome evidence that MS has a genetic
connection. The cause of MS is not known. It
is believed that two factors initiate the inflam
mation: exposure to an environment and
genetic susceptibility
Assessment with Clinical manifestation

The clinical course of MS has four categories:

1. Relapsing-remitting
2. Secondary progressive
3. Progressive-relapsing
4. Primary progressive
Relapsing-remitting
The most common form of the disease. It is
characterized by recurrent episodes of neurolo
gical dysfunction evolving over days or weeks.
Symptoms do not progress during remissions.
Secondary progressive
Secondary progressive disease is characterized
by gradual deterioration with or without
relapses, remissions or plateaus.
Progressive-relapsing
Progressive-relapsing disease starts with a grad
ual progression of disability without plateaus
or remissions.
Primary Progressive
Primary progressive disease is characterized by
gradual neurological disability with noted
relapses
SENSORY MOTOR CEREBELLAR OTHER

Numbness Paresis Loss of balance Fatigue

Paresthesia Paralysis Loss of coordination Optic neuritis

• Burning Foot Dragging Ataxia Impotence

• Tingling Diplopia Nystagmus Sexual

• Prickling Bowel/Bladder Tremor (dysmetria) Dysfunction

Pain • Retention Vertigo Depression

Decreased Percepti • Incontinence Euphoria

on
• Position Speech disturbances Visual loss

• Temperature • Dysarthria Trigeminal neuralgia

• Depth • Dystonia Facial palsy

• Vibration • Scanning speech Heat intolerance

Lhermitte’s sign • Slurred speech Nystagmus

Scotomas
Diagnostic tests
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery (FLAIR)
 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
Drugs for treatment of MS
Immunomodulating drugs
Immunosupressant drugs
Corticosteroids drugs
Muscle relaxants
Antiepileptic Drugs
Antidepressants
 Stimulant Drugs
Cholinergic Drugs
Anticholinergic Drugs
Surgery
 Intrathecal Medication
Delivery