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    1. The document contains questions about normal flora in the eyes, causes of red eyes, classification of red eyes, signs and symptoms seen in a patient with eye inflammation, and terms related to eye anatomy and conditions. 2. Red eyes can be caused by an inflammatory response triggered when antigens are presented to immune cells, causing the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine and bradykinin. This leads to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in the conjunctiva. 3. Classification of red eyes depends on whether visual acuity is normal or decreased. Conditions include conjunctivitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and scleral inflammation like episcleritis.

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    Li Lbm 2 Mata Primaswarii

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    1. The document contains questions about normal flora in the eyes, causes of red eyes, classification of red eyes, signs and symptoms seen in a patient with eye inflammation, and terms related to eye anatomy and conditions. 2. Red eyes can be caused by an inflammatory response triggered when antigens are presented to immune cells, causing the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine and bradykinin. This leads to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in the conjunctiva. 3. Classification of red eyes depends on whether visual acuity is normal or decreased. Conditions include conjunctivitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and scleral inflammation like episcleritis.

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    5 views43 pages

    Li LBM 2 Mata Primaswarii

    Uploaded by

    Rais
    1. The document contains questions about normal flora in the eyes, causes of red eyes, classification of red eyes, signs and symptoms seen in a patient with eye inflammation, and terms related to eye anatomy and conditions. 2. Red eyes can be caused by an inflammatory response triggered when antigens are presented to immune cells, causing the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine and bradykinin. This leads to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability in the conjunctiva. 3. Classification of red eyes depends on whether visual acuity is normal or decreased. Conditions include conjunctivitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and scleral inflammation like episcleritis.

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    of 43

    Primaswari Annisa Febriana

    30101407285
    SGD 8 - MATA
    List of Questions

    1. What are the normal flora in the eyes?


    2. Why the patient had red eyes since 3 days ago?
    3. How is the classification of red eyes?
    4. Why the patient has spasm palpebrae and edema?
    5. Why the patient’s eye looks sticky and difficult to open?
    6. What is fibro-vascular fiber? How could it happen?
    7. What is papil conjunctiva? How could it happen?
    8. What is conjunctiva injection? How could it happen?
    9. What are kind of eye discharge? How can eyes produce abnormal discharge?
    10. What are the etiology of inflammation of the eye?
    11. What is the diagnosis and the DD
    12. What is the additional examination of the scenario?
    13. How is the treatment of the disease?
    14. Education and prevention through the disease?
    Ophtalmology; A
    Short Textbook;
    Chapter 5;
    Conjunctiva
    2. Why the patient had red eyes since 3 days ago?

    Antigen / Foreign molecules/ Non


    Self Molecules

    APC
    (Antigen Presenting Cells)

    Releasing inflammatory mediators:


     Histamine, Bradykinin and etc.
     IL dan TNF

    Histamine Bradykinin
    Itching, increase the permeability of Interleukin and TNF
    Activation of another Increase the vascular permeability,
    blood vessels, vasodilation. vasodilation, sensitization of pain
    immune cells

    Vasodilation of Posterior Conjunctiva


    Arteries and increase its permeability

    Edema Extravasation to the extravascular Exudation of immune cells 


    space secret (+)  difficult to open

    Imunologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; Dasar – dasar Infeksi


    3. How is the classification of red eyes?
    Red Eyes

    Visus Examination

    Normal Visus Examination Decrease in Visus Examination

     Endophtalmitis
     Conjunctivitis
     Acute Glaucome

     Subconjunctival Hemorrhages  Keratitis acute

     Corneal ulcer
     Pterygium
     Anterior uveitis

    Add the explanation about blepharitis, hordeolum, episcleritis, scleritis, pinguecula


    CONJUNCTIVITIS
    Conjunctivitis
    Chlamydia  Gram Negative Bacteria
    HORDEOLUM
    Kelenjar Zeis :
    Kelenjar Moll
    Kelenjar Meibom:
    Notes! How to
    Differentiate?
    How to differentiate

    Hordeolum and

    Chalazion?
    Ask and Palpate the
    Lesion

    Painless 
    Painful  Chalazion
    Hordeolum (due to chronic
    inflammation)
    SCLERAL INFLAMMATION
    EPISCLERITIS AND SCLERITIS
    Episcleritis

    Circumscribed, usually

    segmental, and generally

    nodular inflammation of the

    episclera (connective tissue

    between sclera and

    conjunctiva).
    Capsula Tennon /
    Fascia Bulbi:
    Melingkupi bola mata
    dan N. Opticus dan
    pembuluh darahnya
    terususun radier

    Bedakan dengan
    conjunctiva!

     Pembuluh darah
    conjunctiva letaknya
    paling superfisial
    Scleritis

    Diffuse or localized

    inflammation of the

    sclera.
    Terapi:
    Steroid (Corticosteroid) sebagai anti nyeri
    Jika masih terasa nyeri  Immunosuppressive aggent
    PINGUECULA
    4. Why the patient has spasm palpebral and edema?
    Antigen / Foreign molecules/ Non
    Self Molecules

    APC
    (Antigen Presenting Cells)

    Releasing inflammatory mediators:


     Histamine, Bradykinin and etc.
     IL dan TNF

    Histamine Bradykinin
    Itching, increase the permeability of Interleukin and TNF
    Activation of another Increase the vascular permeability,
    blood vessels, vasodilation. vasodilation, sensitization of pain
    immune cells

    Vasodilation of Posterior Conjunctiva


    Arteries and increase its permeability

    Edema Extravasation to the extravascular Exudation of immune cells 


    space secret (+)  difficult to open

    Imunologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; Dasar – dasar Infeksi


    Spasm Palpebral
    5. Why the patient’s eye looks sticky and difficult to open?
    Antigen / Foreign molecules/ Non
    Self Molecules

    APC
    (Antigen Presenting Cells)

    Releasing inflammatory mediators:


     Histamine, Bradykinin and etc.
     IL dan TNF

    Histamine Bradykinin
    Itching, increase the permeability of Interleukin and TNF
    Activation of another Increase the vascular permeability,
    blood vessels, vasodilation. vasodilation, sensitization of pain
    immune cells

    Vasodilation of Posterior Conjunctiva


    Arteries and increase its permeability

    Edema Extravasation to the extravascular Exudation of immune cells 


    space secret (+)  difficult to open

    Imunologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; Dasar – dasar Infeksi


    6. What is fibro-vascular fiber? How could it happen?
    8. What is conjunctiva injection? How could it happen?

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