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4.1 Water (T8) - 1
4.1 Water (T8) - 1
WATER
Water is the most important inorganic liquid that
exists naturally on earth.
All living organisms are composed of cells that
contain at least 60 % water.
Oceans, which cover 70% of the earth’s surface,
contain over 97% percent of earth’s water.
However, saltwater cannot be consumed by
humans or used for many industrial processes.
Of the freshwater (less than 3%) found on earth, only
a tiny fraction is available for use.
WATER
Oceans 97.57 %
Rivers and Lakes 0.02 %
Soil 0.01 %
Groundwater 0.50 %
Ice and Glaciers 1.90 %
STRUCTURE OF WATER
Water is a compound whose molecule is made
up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom.
Water occurs naturally in all three physical
states :
solid (hail, snow, ice)
liquid (rain, lakes and rivers)
vapour (steam)
WATER: BONDING
Lewis structure of water shows that water has
2 bonding pair of electrons and two lone pairs
of electrons around the central atom.
The three atoms are not in a straight line,
instead they form an angle of 1050 between
2 of the two bonding pairs of electrons.
Intramolecular bonding in water molecule -
covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding in water molecule-
hydrogen bonding
WATER: SHAPE