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Basicsofhydraulics 120622142343 Phpapp01
Basicsofhydraulics 120622142343 Phpapp01
Basicsofhydraulics 120622142343 Phpapp01
1) DEFINITIONS
1.1) HYDRAULICS BASIC
DEFINITIONS
1.2) CLASSIFICATION
&
1.2.1) HYDROSTATICS FORMULAE
1.2.2) HYDRODYNAMICS
1.3) FORCE , PRESSURE , AREA
1.4) PASCAL’S LAW
2) MULTIPLICATION OF FORCES
2.1) BRAMAH’S PRESS
2.2) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
HYDRO AULUS
( meaning Water ) ( meaning Pipe )
HYDRAULICS :
Work done by fluids in pipes.
Hydraulics is Classifed as
HYDROSTATICS HYDRODYNAMICS
HYDROSTATICS
HYDROSTATICS
Eg.:- FORCE
F1
F1 = 1 Kg
A1 = 1 Cm2
P = F1 = 1 Kg
A1 1 Cm2 AREA
A1
= 1 Kg / Cm2
( Same Pressure P )
A2 = 10 Cm2
F2 = P x A2
= 1 x 10
FORCE AREA
= 10 Kg F2 A2
HYDRODYNAMICS
LIQUID AT
HIGH VELOCITY
NOZZLE
TURBINE
IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE TOTAL FORCE EXERTED
ON A SURFACE WE NEED TO KNOW THE PRESSURE OR
FORCE PER UNIT AREA.
PRESSURE
P = F1
P
A1
F2 = P x A2
LARGE AREA
A2
FORCE F2
BRAMAH’S PRESS
THIS
HYDRAULIC LEVERAGE PRESSURE
SUPPORTS A
WT OF 100 Kg
10 Kg ON A IF AREA IS
1Cm2 AREA 100 kg 10 Cm2
PRESSURE
10
kg DEVELOPED
1Cm2 THROUGHOUT 10 Cm2
IS 10 Kg / Cm2
1 Cm
kg
1Cm2 10 Cm2
10 Cm
PUMP LOAD
TO RESERVOIR
ROTARY ACTUATOR
HYDRO MOTOR
PUMP
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULICS
SPEED CONTROL
PISTON MOVES
MAXIMUM SPEED “X” Cm IN 1 min.
THIS VOL.
(No speed control ) 10 lpm IS 10 Lts.
Q=AxV PUMP
Q Flow
(Cm3/min)
A Area
( Cm2 )
FLOW
V Velocity CONTROL
(Cm/ min ) VALVE
10 lpm
RELIEF
VALVE
PUMP RELIEF
VALVE
RELIEF
PUMP VALVE
PRESSURE HERE IS
OIL LEVEL ABOVE PUMP 0.85 x 100 gm / Cm2
CHARGES INLET 100 Cm = 0.085 Kg / Cm2
PUMP
INLET OUTLET
INLET OUTLET
PUMP
OIL LEVEL BELOW PUMP
REQUIRES VACUUM TO
“LIFT “ OIL 100 Cm THERE MUST BE A VACUUM
EQUIVALENT TO
0.085 Kg / Cm2 TO LIFT THE
OIL
PUMP MECHANISM CREATES
THE LOWER PRESSURE
CONDITION.
HOW PRESSURE IS DEVELOPED
NO PRESSURE
PUMP
NO RESTRICTION
RELIEF
VALVE
Set at 100
Kg/Cm2
PRESSURE
BUILDS UP
WITH RESTRICTION PUMP
RELIEF
VALVE
Set at 100
Kg/Cm2
PRESSURE BUILDS
UPTO RELIEF VALVE
SETTING (100 Kg / Cm2)
PUMP
CLOSING
RELIEF
VALVE
Set at 100
Kg/Cm2
PARALLEL FLOW PATHS
10
THE OIL CAN CHOOSE
A
10 BAR OPENS VALVE A
3 PATHS
PUMP
B
20 BAR OPENS VALVE B
C
30 BAR OPENS VALVE C
IF FLOW IS BLOCKED
OIL TAKES THE BEYOND “ A”
PATH OF LEAST 20
RESISTANCE
OIL WILL FLOW
THRO “B” WHEN
PUMP PRESSURE
REACHES 20 BAR
SERIES RESISTANCE ADD PRESSURE
P1 = 0
A 0
10 BAR
P2 = ( P1 + 10 )
10 = 0 + 10
B
20 BAR = 10 BAR
P3 = ( P2 + 20 )
C 30 = 10 + 20
30 BAR = 30 BAR
P = ( P3 + 30 )
PUMP
60 = 30 + 30
= 60 BAR
PRINCIPLES OF FLOW
HOW FLOW IS MEASURED ?
VELOCITY
FLOW ( FLOW RATE )
FLOW RATE AND SPEED
FLOW AND PRESSURE DROP
LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE
PRESSURE
GRADIENT
AN ABRUPT
THE FLOW MAY START OUT CHANGE IN CROSS-
STREAMLINED. SECTION MAKES IT NON PARALLEL PATHS OF PARTICLES
TURBULENT. INCREASE RESISTANCE TO FLOW.