STORAGE CLASSES

• Till now how we defined a variable?

• Datatype variable _name;
• int a; int b=10
 STORAGE CLASSES
• But to fully defined a variable we need to
mention its storage class also…
• Storage _class Datatype variable _name;
• auto int a;
• Register int b=10;
 STORAGE CLASSES
 The storage class determines the part of the
memory where the variable would be stored.
 The storage class also determines the initial
value of the variable.
 and it used to define the scope and
lifetime of variable.
 There are two storage location in
computer : CPU Registers and
Memory
 They tells us
1.Where the variable would be stored
(registers or memory)
2.Initial value (zero or garbage value)
3.scope-in which block the variable is
accessible (or the value of the variable
would be available)
4.Life time-how long the variable exist.
 TYPES OF STORAGE CLASSES
• There are four types of storage classes in C:
Automatic storage class
 Register storage class
Static storage class
External storage class
 Automatic Storage Class
Keyword : auto
Storage : memory
Default initial value : garbage value
Scope :local to the block in
which the variable
is defined.
Life time :Till end of the Block
 What is block
main()
{
int a;
{
int b;
}
}
main()
{
auto int i,j;
printf(“%d%d”,i,j);
}
Output:
 main()
{
auto int a=10;
{
auto int b=20;
printf(“%d”, b);
}
}
main()
{
auto int a=10;
{
auto int b=20;
}
printf(“%d”, b);
}
main()
{
auto int a=10;
{
auto int b=20;
printf(“%d”, b);
printf(“%d”, a);
}

}
main()
{
auto int a=10;
{
auto int a=20;
printf(“%d”, a);

}
main()
{
auto int a=10;
{
auto int a=20;
printf(“%d”, a);

}
printf(“%d”, a);
}
 main()
{
auto int i=1;
{
{
{
printf(“%d”,i);
}
printf(“%d”,i);
}
printf(“%d”,i);
}
}
main()
{
auto int i=1;
{
auto int i=2;
{
auto int i=3;
printf(“%d”,i);
}
printf(“%d”,i);
}
printf(“%d”,i);

}
main()
{
auto int a=10;
{
auto int a;
printf(“%d”, a);

}
printf(“%d”, a);
}
 main()
{
increment();
Increment();
Increment();
}
Increment()
{
auto int i=1;
Printf(“%d”,i);
i=i+1;
}
 Register Storage Class
Keyword : register
Storage : CPU Register
Default initial value : garbage value
Scope :local to the block in
which the variable
is defined.
Life time :Till end of the Block
 CPU REGISTER AND MEMORY

A value stored in a CPU register can

always be accessed faster then the one
that is stored in memory.
If a variable is used at many places it is
better to declare its storage class as
register. Ex: loop variables.
 Static Storage Class
Keyword : static
Storage : memory
Default initial value : zero
Scope : local to the block in
which the variable
is defined.
Life time : value of the variable
persists between
different function calls.
main()
{
increment();
Increment();
Increment();
}
Increment()
{
static int i=1;
Printf(“%d”,i);
i=i+1;
}
 Diff b/w auto and static
• Static variables don’t disappear when the
function is no longer active. their values
persist.
• If the control comes back to the same function
again the static variables have the same values
they had last time around.
 External Storage Class
Keyword : static
Storage : memory
Default initial value : zero
Scope : global
Life time : as long as program’s
execution doesn’t
comes to an end
void increment(); increment()
void {
decrement(); i=i+1;
int i; printf("\n on
int main() incrementing i=%d",i);
{ }
printf("i=%d",i);
increment(); decrement()
increment(); {
decrement(); i=i-1;
decrement(); printf("\n on
return 0; incrementing i=%d",i);
}
 increment()
void increment();
{
void decrement(); extern int i;
int i; i=i+1;
int main() printf("\n on
{ incrementing i=%d",i);
extern int i; }
printf("i=%d",i);
increment(); decrement()
increment(); {
decrement(); extern int i;
i=i-1;
decrement();
printf("\n on
return 0; decrementing i=%d",i);
 int x=10;
main()
{
int x=20;
printf(“%d”,x);
Display();
}
Display()
{
printf(“%d”,x);
}
#include <stdio.h>

void staticDemo()
{
static int i; Output: 1 0
{ 2 1
static int i = 1;
printf("%d ", i);
i++;
}
printf("%d\n", i);
i++;
}

int main()
{
staticDemo();
staticDemo();
}
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int i=5;
if(--i){
main();
printf("%d ",i);
}
}
• Output< 0 0 0 0
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int i=5;
if (--i){
printf("%d ",i);
main();
}
}
• Output< 4 3 2 1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 10;
static int y = x;

if(x == y)
printf("Equal");
else if(x > y)
printf("Greater");
else
printf("Less");
return 0;
}
• In C, static variables can only be initialized
using constant literals. This is allowed in C++
though.
include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int count=5;
printf("\n count=%d",count--);
if(count!=0)
main();
return 0;
}
• 54321
#include <stdio.h>
int g(int);
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{ j=g(i);
printf("%d",j);
}
return 0;
}
int g(int x)
{ static int v=1;
int b=3;
v=v+x;
return(v+x+b);
}