Lecture on Radio Wave

Propagation

Electronics and Communications Engineering

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

13 February 2015
Mike C. Hogar

• Fiber Optic Cable • Member

Transmission – Phil Amateur Radio
• DWDM and Data League
Networks – Phil Amateur Radio
Association
• Knowledge Associate
• ARRL Volunteer
• Ham Radio Examiner
Enthusiast
• Father of 5 children
– Class A, DU1XX
– Extra Class, AE6DG
Objective

• Basic idea on the principles of wave propagation

• Practical connection of the theories of wave
propagation to everyday activities
• Interactive discussion
 Definition

Wave
– A cyclic occurrence

Propagate
– To spread
 The Parts of the Wave
CREST
0/360deg 90 deg

45 deg

0deg 180 deg

90 deg
270 deg

135 deg

180 deg
 The Parts of the Wave
0/360deg

45 deg

180 deg 360deg

90 deg
270 deg

135 deg

180 deg 270 deg

THROUGH
 The Parts of the Wave
CREST
90 deg
0/360deg
45 deg

0deg 180 deg 360deg

270 deg 90 deg

135 deg
270 deg
180 deg
THROUGH
 Unit of Measure

Cycle per Second

HERTZ, Hz
Wavelength and Frequency
BASIC FORMULA:

l=c/f
Where: l is wavelength in meters
c is speed of light in air, 3 x 108 m / sec
f is frequency in Hertz, Hz
 Problem Solving
BASIC FORMULA:

l=c/f
Where: l is wavelength in meters
c is speed of light in air, 3 x 108 m / sec
f is frequency in Hertz, Hz

What is the wavelenght of a frequency = 800 MHz?

 Problem Solving
BASIC FORMULA:

l=c/f
Where: l is wavelength in meters
c is speed of light in air, 3 x 108 m / sec
f is frequency in Hertz, Hz

What is the frequency of a signal having 23 cms. in wavelenght ?

 How does it spread ?

Antenna (transducer) …
Behaviour of the Wave …
 Types of Propagation
• Ground Wave Propagation
• Sky Wave Propagation
– D. E . F1. F2 Layer
• Space Wave Propagation
– Line of Sight
– Terrestrial
– Satellite
 Frequency Spectrum
BAND FREQUENCY RANGE

AUDIO FREQUENCY 4 Hz - 30 KHz

RADIO FREQUENCY

VERY LOW FREQUENCY 30 KHz - 300 KHz

LOW FREQUENCY 300 KHz - 3 MHz

HIGH FREQUENCY 3 MHz - 30 MHz

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY 30 MHz - 300 MHz

ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY 300 MHz - 3 GHz

SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY 3 GHz - 30 GHz

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY 30 GHz - 300 GHz

 Common Applications

Band Propagation Propagation Service

Application
Low Frequency 300 KHz – 3 MHz Ground AM Broadcast
High Frequency 3 – 30 MHz Skywave Ship to Shore
Very High 30 – 300 MHz Space Land
Frequency Communications
Ultra High 300 – 3000 MHz Space Land / Cellular /
Frequency Wifi
Super High 3 – 30 GHz Space / LOS Microwave
Frequency
 What is Microwave Radio?
• Uses Electromagnetic Waves
• Uses licensed frequency bands between 6
and 40 GHz
• Requires frequency spectrum leasing
• Requires an unobstructed Line-of-Sight
(LOS)
 Power and
Decibel Computations
• Power • Bel – the logarithm of a
– Unit in Watts, W power ratio
– P=IxV • 1 Bel = 10 decibels (dB)
– Total Power of a
circuit, PT
dB = 10 Log (Pout / Pin)
PT = P1 + P2 + … + Pn
 Worlwide Agencies
International Telecommunications
Union - United Nations Agency for
communication and information technologies,
coordinates the efficient use of the radio
frequency resources.

 The Philippines is under

Region 3 for both the ITU
and IARU
 Dito sa Ating Bansa

 NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION – gov’t agency in-charge to
regulate telecommunications in the
PHILIPPINES
Maraming Salamat Po …

Happy Valentine 