National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Technical Support of NCore

Implementation
Manifold and Inlet Design

Dennis K. Mikel
EPA - Office of Air Quality, Planning and
Standards

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Outline

• Sample Manifold Issues

• Residence Time Determination
• Types of Manifolds
• Line Placement
• Ambient/Calibration Manifold Interface
• Through the Probe (TTP) Audits
• Summary

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Sample Manifold Issues

There are important variables affecting the

ambient air gaseous instruments sampling
manifold design:

•construction materials
•diameter, length
•flow rate
•pressure drop
•residence time of gases

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Sample Manifold Issues

Construction materials
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40 Part 58, Appendix E.9a states,

“For the reactive gases, SO2, NO2 and O3 special probe material must be used for
point analyzers….Of the above materials, only Pyrex® glass, and Teflon® have
found to be acceptable for use as intake sampling lines for all the reactive
gaseous pollutants…. Therefore, borosilicate glass, FEP Teflon or their
equivalents must be the only material in the sampling train…”

• Borosilicate Glass
• Teflon
• fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)*
• Aluminum or Steel OK if glass or Teflon lined

*Not in the CFR, however, it is an equivalent material

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop
 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Residence time Determination

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40 Part 58, Appendix E.9c states,

“Ozone in the presence of NO will show significant losses even in the most inert
probe material when the residence time exceeds 20 seconds. Other studies
indicate that 10-second or less residence time is easily achievable.” Therefore,
sampling probes for reactive gas monitors at NCore must have a sample
residence time less than 20 seconds.”

Total Volume = Cv + Mv + Lv

Where:
 Cv = Volume of the sample cane and extensions
 Mv = Volume of the sample manifold and trap
 Lv = Volume of the instrument lines from the manifold to the instrument
bulkhead

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Residence Time Determination

Each of the components of the sampling system must be

measured individually. To measure the volume of the
components, use the following calculation:
V = pi * (d/2)2 * L
Where:

 V = volume of the component

 pi = 3.14
 L = length of the component
 d = inside diameter

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Residence Time Determination

Hot Wire Flow Device

• Real-time flow
• Thermistor Type
• Allows operator to
track flow deviations

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Residence Time Determination

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds
There are a number of different types of
manifolds available

• Laminar Flow
• Teflon lines
• ”T” Type – Horizontal Modular
• CARB - Octopus
• Vertical Manifold

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds
Laminar Flow

• High Flows
• Difficult to Clean
• Temperature
Difference
• Can’t be audited by
TTP
• Not Allowed in New
Regulation (40 CFR
58) EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop
 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds

Teflon Lines

• Teflon lines can deteriorate in sun and

weather (dry winds)
• Difficult to Clean
• Insect Accumulation
• Pressure differentials

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds
Conventional
Manifold Sample Cane

• Borosilicate roof line

Glass or
Teflon Teflon Connectors -

• Modular Screw Type Opening Bushing

"T"
• Use of Drop adaptor

Out
• Moisture
issues Blower Motor
Modular Manifold

• Fan/Blower
• Heating Moisture Trap

optional
EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop
 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds
CARB/Octopus Sample Cane

Style roof line

• Borosilicate 8-port "Octopus"

Manifold
Screw Type Opening

Glass
• Low Profile
• Drop Out Teflon Connectors -

• No need for
Bushing

Moisture Trap

Blower

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Types of Manifolds
Support Pipe
Glass Manifold
roof line

Vertical Flow
Manifold Insulation
Sample Ports

• Borosilicate Exhaust Hose

Glass Heater Power Cord

• Moisture issues
Blower Motor

"T" Connector

• Heating optional Manifold Support

Floor

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Line Placement
Audit and probe
inlet stub

Sample Cane

Line Placement is roof line

very important!!
Calibration
outlet line
• Cal gas must flow past
the instruments inlets Instrument
Instrument
inlet lines
inlet lines
before being
exhausted

• Optimize your line

placement!

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Ambient/Calibration Manifold Interface

External Moly
Sampling Cane Converter
NOy

Burden's Creek Sampling Station - OAQPS/EMAD

Burden’s
Cal NO

Sample In
4-ft

Creek Manifold Fan F

Ambient Sampling Manifold

Monitoring
V
NO NO NO
Temp/ C C C
Pressure/RH S S S
NC NC NC
TECO 42CY TL

Setup Charcoal
Scrubber
Calibration Manifold

NO
NOx

Control Out- To Solenoids P

V C Environics V
NC S 9100 Cal Sys

•Solenoid
Notes: Cal Standard
Zero Air (triblend)
S - Teflon 3-way Solenoid
Source
P - Pump
F - Manifold Fan/Blower
V - Vent

Switching - Particulate Filter

Sample tubing lengths < 3-ft
TECO 43CTL
SO2

•Calibration Control Outputs

- To Environics
Cal Sys
TECO 48CTL
CO

Manifold EnviDAS Data

Acquisition System

Analog Inputs -
Other Monitor
(O3 etc)

•Interface to
To Analyzers/
Sensors

UPS Power
Supply

DAS
Modem

Desktop System

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Ambient/Calibration Manifold Interface

Burden’s
Creek

• Solenoid
Switching
• Calibration
Manifold
• Interface to
DAS

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Ambient/Calibration Manifold Interface

Burden’s Air Flow

to Air Flow Air Flow
Exhaust
Creek Fan
Air Flow Air Flow
Calibration Air Flow

System
NC NC NC

Calibration NO NO NO
Gas from the Mass
Flow Calibrator Exhaust

COM

Air Flow to the Analyzers

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 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Through the Probe Audit

EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop

 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

TTP System Solenoid Valves

CO Analyzer
Pressure Regulator
Calibration Tanks & High Low
Design Pressure Regulators Zero CO CO
Air 38 7.85 ¼” SS Manifold
ppm ppm

Front Manifold (Glass) Needle Valve

Needle Valve
Three Way
Manual Valve

Rear Manifold (Glass) To presentation line

(3/8” o.d., 150’ long
Bypass Flow Teflon line, in ½”
Rotameter i.d. steel jacket)

1/8” SS line

150 ppm
Ozone Analyzer GPT Calibrator SO2
-------
335 ppm Multi Blend Gas
NO Tank & Pressure
--------------- Regulator
CO Analyzer Zero Air Generator 15,000
¼” SS Tee ppm
CO
EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop
 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

TTP Audit Design

Audit and probe
inlet stub

• Audit Gas should Audit Gases from TTP Trailer

Flow of Audit

pass through all Gases down the

Cane

inlets, manifolds,
solenoids and
instrument lines
• Auditor should make Audit Gases to
Instrument
Audit Gases to
Instrument

sure the gas is not

pressurizing the
instruments!
• Your manifold must
be compatible with
TTP system
EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop
 National Air Monitoring Conference - 2006

Summary
• Numerous issues to be considered
• There are a number of designs
• The sample manifold must be “integrated” into
the monitoring system
• Solenoids can be the link between the
calibration/ambient systems
• DAS allow the user more freedom to control
the monitoring systems
• Your manifolds will need to be compatible with
TTP audits
EPA Precursor Gas Training Workshop