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Presented By:: Moiz Khan Esha Saeed Iqra Rafique Sidra Sattar
Presented By:: Moiz Khan Esha Saeed Iqra Rafique Sidra Sattar
Moiz Khan
Esha Saeed
Iqra Rafique
Sidra Sattar
TOPIC:
Differentiate between 1𝑠𝑡 and 2𝑛𝑑
derivative test .
WHO INVENT DERIVATIVE?
Graphing of a function
Differentiate First and Second Derivative By
Definition :
FIRST DERIVATIVE SECOND DERIVATIVE
The first derivative of a function is an The second derivative tells us a lot about
expression which tells us the slope the qualitative behavior of the graph. If
of a tangent line to the curve at any the second derivative is positive at a
instant. Because of this definition, the
point, the graph is concave up. If the
first derivative of a function tells us
much about the function. If is second derivative is positive at a critical
positive, then must be increasing. If is point, then the critical point is a local
negative, then must be decreasing. minimum. The second derivative will be
zero at an inflection point..
INCREASING OR DECREASING OF FUNCTION
By Definition:
If f’(x)> 0 at each point x€ (a,b), then f is increasing on [a,b]
If f’(x)<0 at each point x€ (a,b), then f is decreasing on [a,b]
Example: f’(x)=3𝑥 2 − 12 = 3 𝑥 2 − 4 = 3(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
Interval -∞ < 𝑥 < - 2 -2<𝑥<2 2<𝑥<∞
f’ evaluated f’(-3) = 15 f’(0) = -12 f’(3) = 15
Sign of f’ + - +
increasing decreasing increasing
Behavior of f -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
INCREASING OR DECREASING OF
FUNCTION BY GRAPH:
CRITICAL POINT:
ƒ(x)= 3 𝑥 2 - 12
Differentiate with respect to ‘x’
ƒ′(x) = 3 𝑥 2 - 12
ƒ′(x) = 3(𝑥 2 - 4)
ƒ′(x) = 3(x + 2)(x - 2)
For critical point ƒ′(x) =0
3(x + 2)(x - 2)=0
x + 2=0 x - 2 =0
x = -2 x=2
LOCAL EXTREMA BY DEFINITION:
Identify the domain of ƒ and any symmetries the curve may have.
b) The maximum height occurs when v(t)=0, when t=3 . The maximum height is s(3)=256 ft and it occurs at
t=3 sec.
Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be inscribed in a
sphere of radius 3.
3
3
SOLUTION:
1
The volume of the cone is V= 𝜋𝑟 2 h
3
and C is a constant.
SOLUTION:
We have. Solving
𝑑𝑅
= CM - 𝑀2
𝑑𝑀
Solving:
𝑑2𝑅
= C – 2M = 0
𝑑𝑀2
𝐶
M=
2
𝑑3𝑅
Also, 3 = -2 < 0
𝑑𝑀
𝐶
at M= there is a maximum.
2
Business and Economics Application
Production level:
Show that if r(𝑥) = 6𝑥 and c(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 - 6𝑥 2 +15𝑥 are you
revenue and cost functions, then the best you can do is break even (have revenue equal
cost).
Solution:
The profit p(x) = r(x) - c(x) => 6𝑥 – (𝑥 3 - 6𝑥 2 +15𝑥)
= -𝑥 3 - 6𝑥 2 - 9𝑥,where 𝑥 >0
Then, P’(𝑥) = - 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 – 9 =>-3(𝑥 2 - 4𝑥 + 3)
P’(𝑥) = -3 (𝑥-3) (𝑥-1)
P’’(𝑥) = -6𝑥 +12
The critical points are 1 and 3.
Thus P’’(1) = 6 > 0
At 𝑥 = 1 there is a local minimum
P’’(3) = -6 < 0
At 𝑥 = 3 there is a local maximum
But P (3) = 0
the best you can do is break even.
Thanks a lot for giving us a chance for share
about views in this topic.