PRESENTATION

Detention ponds outlets including risers,

orifices, and weirs

1: Mohamed haibe madar GS51593

2: mohamed muhumed yusof GS53450
 Introduction
Detention pond are used for controlling storm water quantity impacts
resulting from larger urbanizing catchment.

Detention ponds are extremely common in storm sewer systems. One

function of detention ponds is to reduce the peak inflow by providing
storage and limiting the outflow from the pond.

Outflow is limited by use of a variety of different types of structures,

including weirs, orifices and culverts.
A detention ponds primarily contains three components and must be
included

 Inlet zone: inlet structures include wetlands, sediment forebay, rock

weir etc.
 Storage zone: Low flow channel, maintenance, pond body etc.

 Outlet zone: primary outlets (usually multi-storeyed risers with

culvert) and secondary outlet usually spillway, embankment and
outfall/energy dissipaters.
Outlet structures:

 Outlet controls regulate the release of stormwater from a stormwater management practice (SMP).
Proper design and construction practices are crucial to outlet control performance, which is closely
interconnected with SMP performance.
 Outlet controls can provide a range of functions including:
I. Meeting peak flow requirements;
II. Controlling the rate of discharge from the SMP during various storm events;
 Outlet structures: risers

 Risers are vertical structures with a grated top that can be designed to control the amount of water ponded within
an SMP and to provide positive overflow. Riser pipes are vertical pipes topped with a dome-shaped grate. Riser
boxes are modified concrete boxes (outlet control structures) outfitted with inlet grates.

ovide flexible outlet controls, when multi-staged, to meet

varying Stormwater Regulations simultaneously.
Outlet structure: orifices

 An orifice is a circular or rectangular opening of a prescribed shape and

size that allows a controlled rate of release for out flow from a detention
pond or any structures, which are, designed SMP when the orifice is
submerged
 An orifice is an outlet control that is typically applicable to bio-
infiltration/bio-retention basins, and detention SMPs. Depending on the site
lay out and stormwater conveyance design, they may be applicable to
cistern and media filters.
Example of orifices
 Design procedure: orifices

1) Multiple orifices may be necessary to meet the Stormwater Regulations.

2) Sizing is dependent upon release rate requirements, maximum ponding depth, and drain down time requirements.
3) The orifice size that is needed to meet a certain release rate can be increased by reducing the head over the orifice,
which can be achieved by enlarging the SMP’s footprint or adjusting overlying soil depths/cover for orifices below
grade.
Advantage and dis-advantage
 Advantage:
 Are simple, passive structures that rely
on gravity flow
 Can be variously sized to provide rate
control for a wide variety of
applications.
 Multiple orifices may be located at the
same or different elevations, if
necessary, to meet
 dis-advantage
 May become clogged with sediment
and debris, particularly traditional
orifices with small diameters.
 May be difficult to access for
maintenance purposes when placed
below grade
 Can concentrate flow and may cause
erosive velocities
Outlet structure : weir

 Weirs are engineered barriers/dams designed to control the release of stormwater from
SMPs.
 Weirs can be located within surface SMPs or open channels or within outlet control
structures, typical weir shapes are rectangular, V-notch and trapezoidal. Weir crests can
sharp, either such as metal plate or such as broad, such as an earthen spillway.
 Types of weir :
 Weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter the flow characteristics. . They are two types
of weir:
 Sharp-crested weir ( rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal)
 Broad-crested weir (
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 The bed level of the canal may be higher than

the existing water level of the river.
 In such cases weir is constructed across the
river to raise the water level.
 Surplus water pass over the crest of weir
 Adjustable shutters are provided on the crest
to raise the water level to some required
height
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 Impermeable weirs controlling overland flow

paths, such as swales, are typically called
check dams. Impermeable check dams
control upstream storm water ponding depths
and can be used to promote infiltration and/
or sedimentation.

 Permeable weirs promote sedimentation by

slowing velocities as water ponds behind the
weir. Under low flow conditions, water ponds
behind the permeable weir and slowly seeps
through opening between the permeable
weir materials. Under high flow conditions,
water flows both over and through weir.
Permeable weir also provide a means
spreading run off as it is discharged, helping
to decrease concentrated flow and reduce
velocities as the water travels downstream
 Advantage and dis-advantage of weir
 Advantage
 The initial cost of weirs is usually low.
 Shorter construction period
 Dis-advantage
 Can concentrate flow and may cause
erosive velocities
 Are not typically an effective
technology for providing controlled
discharge of stormwater
 May become clogged over time, if
permeable, and, once clogged,
would likely require full replacement