ACTIVE COMPONENTS

DR. ANNY MEMON

PG TRAINEE IN
ORTHODONTICS
ARE THOSE COMPONENTS WHICH
APPLY FORCE TO TEETH AND MOVE
TEETH IN PREDETERMINED
DIRECTION.
TOOTH MOVEMENT
BIOMECHANISM
WHEN WE MOVE TEETH IN ANY
DIRECTION THERE ARE SO MANY
CHANGES TAKES PLACE.
CHANGES OCCURES IN
PDL,ALVEOLAR SOCKET AND TISSUES

TEET ARE SUROUNDED BY PDL AND

ALVEOLAR BONE.
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
IT CONSISTS OF
COLLAGENOUS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CELLS,BLOOD
VESSELS AND
TISSUE FLUID SO IT
PROVIDES
CUSHIONING
EFFECTON THE
TOOTH.
 THEORIES OF TOOTH
MOVEMENT

1.PRESSURE TENSION THEORY

2.PEIZOELECTRIC THEORY
3.BLOOD FLOW THEORY
WHEN WE MOVE TEETH IN ANY
DIRECTION IT FACES TWO AREAS

1. AREAS OF COMPRESION
2. AREAS OF TENSION
 Pressure
tension theory
 AREAS OF COMPRESION
IT OCCURES ON THE SIDE TOWARDS
WHICH TOOTH MOVING
a.CAPILLARY BLOOD PRESSURE
INCREASES
b.CRUSHING OF PDL
c.CELLS DIE
d.COMPRESSED PDL HAS
STRUCTURELESS APPEARANCE
 HYALINIZATION
IT OCCURES ON PRESSURE SIDE
IT IS REVERSIBLE
IT OCCURES WHEN SUFICIENT FORCE
IS APPLIEDAND IT OCCULODES
BLOOD VESSELS OF PDL FOR
LENGTHY TIMEAND CELLS BECOME
PYCNOTIC NUCLIE OF CELLS LOST
AND ZONES BECOMES ACELULLAR.
HOW RESORPTION OCCURES
OSTEOCLAST MIGRATE FROM BLOOD
VESSELS LIE ADJACENT TO THE ALVEOLAR
SOCKET AND START RESORPING BONE.
THESE OSTEOCLAS LIE IN SHALLOW
DEPRESSION CALLED AS HOW SHIPS
LACUNAE.
DURING MOVEMENT THERE IS
RESORPTION OCCURES IN DIFFERENT
AREAS OF BONE CAUSING CRUSHING OF
PDL.
TYPES OF RESORPTION
FRONTAL RESORPTION
WHEN RESORPTION OCCURES
PERIPHERAL TO THE HYALONISED AREAS.

UNDERMIND RESORPTION OSTEOCLAST

APPEARS ADJACENT TO THE BONE
MARROW SPACES AND ATTACK ON
UNDERSIDE OF BONE IMMEDIATELY
ADJACENT NECROTIC PDL AREA.
 Area of tension

During tooth movement area of

tension occur on that side of tooth
from which tooth is moving .
 CHANGES
 Periodontal fibers are stretched
 Some periodontal fibers may be torn
 Blood vessels may be torn.
 Within few days cellular proliferation occur
among the fibroblast of PDL
 DEPOSITION
Osteoblast starts form bone and laid down
osteoid in the periodontal ligament
adjacent to the lamina dura this osteoid
will mature and forms woven bone.
 PEIZOELECTRIC THEORY
When a bone is mechanically deformed it
produces current due to presence of some
crystalline structures.like
1.collagen
2.hydroxiapatite crystals
3.ground substance(mucopolisachrides)
 Mechanism
WHEN WE APPLY FORCE TO THE
TOOTH ELECTRON PASSES FROM
ONE CRYSTAL LATTICE TO ANOTHER
CRYSTAL LATTICE AND PRODUCES
ELECTRIC CURRENT.
UNUSUAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. A quick decay rate

2.production of equivalent force in

opposite direction when force is released.
 Blood flow theory
When we apply any
force to tooth it
compresses PDL
,fluid present in PDL
squeezed out and
replenished into blood
vessels and vessels
are also compressed
causing dec oxygen
level produces an
environment for
resorption.
 Stages of tooth movement

1. alteration in blood flow

2.release of chemical mediators
3.activation of cells
 Blood changes
PRESSURE SIDE
Blood flow decreased causing resorpsion.

TENSION SIDE
Blood flow maintained or increased
causing deposition.
 Chemical mediators
FIRST MESSENGER
Hormones
Prostaglandins
Neurotransmitters
SECOND MESSENGER
Cyclic amp
Calcium
Activation of cells

Formation of osteoclast

Formation of osteoblast
PHASIS OF TOOTH MOVEMENT

1.initial phase
2. lag phase
3.post lag phase
 INITIAL PHASE

Tooth moves in periodontal ligament space

during application of force and shows
movement.
 LAG PHASE
NO MOVEMENT OCCURES IN THIS
PHASE DUE TO FORMATION OF
HYALINIZED ZONE.

IT DEPENDS HOW MUCH FORCE WE

ARE APPLYING TO TOOTH.
 POST LAG PHASE

ACTIVE TOOTH MOVEMENT OCCURES

IN THIS PHASE.
 EFFECT OF FORCE
DISTRIBUTION
OPTIMUM FORCE
Force which is high enough to stimulate
cellular activity without completely
occluding blood vessels in PDL.
It dependes upon ;
A.Force application
B.Area of PDL
 TYPES OF FORCES

HEAVY FORCES LIGHT FORCE