THE STUDY ON THE ANTI -

ANEMIC EFFECT OF BANANA PEEL

(Musa acuminata) ETHANOLIC
EXTRACT AGAINST GENTAMICIN -
INDUCED ANEMIC MALE ALBINO
RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Amid, Kuthe Gaylle M.
Angala, Hexson Job L.
Bautista, Shanaiah L.
De Leon, Jephtha Mishael M.
Madrid, Angelica L.
Manera, Melanie B.
Pascual, Kenlee Kyle B.
Musa acuminata
 The Problem and Its Background
• Anemia has been defined by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as a condition in which
there is a decrease in the red blood cells or
their oxygen-carrying capacity.
• Most blood cells, including red blood cells,
are produced regularly in the bone
marrow — a spongy material found within
the cavities of many of the large bones.
 Conceptual Framework
• This study was focused on the anti-anemic
capability of Banana peel (Musa acuminata)
extract on male albino rats (Rattus
norvegicus) indicated by an increase of
hematological parameter - Red Blood Cell
(RBC), Hemoglobin (Hgb), Hematocrit (Hct),
and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC) values.
 Research Paradigm

PROCESS
INPUT 1. Preparation of Peel OUTPUT
Extract
2. Complete Blood Evaluation
1. Banana Count of anti-
2.1. Red Blood Cell
Peel(Musa 2.2. Hemoglobin anemic
acuminata) 2.3. Hematocrit effect
Ethanolic 2.4. Mean Corpuscular through
Extract Hemoglobin Concen- Hgb, Hct,
tration MCHC count.
2. Gentamicin 3. Introduction of
Gentamicin on Male
Albino Rats
 Statement of the Problem
1. What is the normal hematological parameter
of the male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)
before the treatment?
2. What is the hematological parameter of the
male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) after
gentamicin anemic induction?
3. What is the extent of the anti-anemic effect
in the male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) of
the different concentrations of the banana
peel (Musa acuminata) ethanolic extract?
 Statement of the Problem
4. Is there a significant difference in the anti-
anemic effect of the different treatments and
the negative control?
5. Is there a significant difference in the anti-
anemic effect of the different treatments and
the positive control?
 Hypotheses
1. Banana peel (Musa acuminata) as an anti-
anemic on male albino rats (Rattus
norvegicus) treated with Gentamicin
antibiotic.
2. There is significant effect on the different
concentrations of Banana peel (Musa
acuminata) extract administered to
respective groups of rats.
 Significance of the Study
• The information that will be obtained from
this study would be a great contribution in
the development and exploration of
Banana peel (Musa acuminata) as
treatment for anemia, especially to the
following:
- DOH - Public
- DA - Government
- DOST
 Research Design
The study used the true experimental
method, which sought to investigate possible
cause-and-effect relationship by exposing a
group of male albino rats to Gentamicin,
which causes the anemia, were conducted to
inducement comparing the result to control
not receiving treatment, commercialize drug
and the Banana peel (Musa acuminata)
ethanolic extract.
 Methodology Process Overview:
1. Collection of Plant Sample
a. Peeling of the banana fruit
b. Slicing to thin pieces of the peel
c. Air-drying under shade for 2 weeks
2. Preparation of Plant Extract
a. Dilution of Ethanol
b. Maceration of Plant Sample for 72 hours
c. Filtration Extract
d. Evaporation of Solvent
e. Phytochemical Screening
 Methodology Process Overview:
3. Preparation of the Different Concentrations
Preparation of the different concentrations of
Different Treatments Banana fruit peel extract
Treatment 1 15 mL/kg banana peel extract
Treatment 2 20 mL/kg banana peel extract
Treatment 3 25 mL/kg banana peel extract
Treatment 4 (Negative Control) Distilled water
Treatment 5 (Positive Control) Epoietin alfa

4. Preparation of Test Animal

a. Assignment into groups of 4
b. Acclimatization for 7 days
c. Blood collection for CBC (before inducement)
 Methodology Process Overview:
5. Biological Assay
a. Inducement of Gentamicin for 7 days
b. Blood collection for CBC (after inducement)
c. Treatment phase (3 concentrations, negative
control, & positive control) for 5 days
d. Blood collection for CBC (after treatment)
 Methodology of the Study
• A phytochemical study analysis were
performed to the plant material to further
determine the presence of secondary
metabolites like glyscosides, alkaloids,
saponins, tannins, flavanoids, phenols,
steroids, and terpenoids.
 Methodology of the Study
• Twenty (20) rats were randomly assigned into
groups composing with 4 rats each group.
• Healthy male albino rats (Rattus
norvegicus), weighing between 120 to 215
grams were used.
• Two (2) liters of 95% ethanol was diluted
with 375 mL of purified water to produce
two (2) liters of 80% ethanol.
• Three hundred (300) grams of dried
banana peel were placed in a 5 liter
capacity glass jar.
• Blood samples were collected via tail puncture.

• They were used to determine hematological

parameters such as Red Blood Cell (RBC)
count, Hemoglobin (Hgb) count, Hematocrit
(Hct) concentration Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC).
• Anemia induction by gentamicin via intramuscular
injection lasted for 7 days.
• Blood samples were collected at Day 7 induction.
• Treatment with extract will via oral route lasted for 5
days.
• Blood samples were collected at Day 5 of treatment.
 Phytochemical Screening
Table 1. Phytochemical Screening of Selected Secondary Metabolites

Present in the Banana peel (Musa acuminata) ethanolic

extract

PARAMETERS THEORETICAL RESULTS ACTUAL RESULTS

Glycosides Formation of Oil +
Alkaloids Creamy white ppt +
Saponins Stable Emulsion -
Tannins ,Dirty Green ppt ++
Flavonoids Pale Brown +
Phenols Blue or Green color ++
Steroids Brown ring ++
Terpenoids Reddish-brown color +
“+” indicates presence of phytochemical; “-“ indicates absence of phytochemical; ++ means abundant
 Biological Assay
Table 2.1. Red Blood Cell Count Before and After Induction of Gentamicin

Baseline/Pre-test Data
Group Before Gentamicin After Gentamicin Mean
Induction Induction Difference
Mean Standard Mean Standard
Deviation Deviation
1 7.380000 0.010000 2.716667 0.015275 4.663333
2 8.403333 0.025166 3.423333 0.015275 4.980000
3 7.643333 0.020817 4.376667 0.015275 3.266667
4 9.030000 0.020000 3.843333 0.020817 5.186667
5 8.256667 0.015275 3.596667 0.015275 4.660000
Table 2.2. Hemoglobin Count Before and After Induction of Gentamicin

Baseline/Pre-test Data
Group Before Gentamicin After Gentamicin Mean
Induction Induction Difference
Mean Standard Mean Standard
Deviation Deviation
1 15.46667 0.152753 6.233333 0.057735 9.233333
2 16.23333 0.115470 6.666667 0.152753 9.566667
3 15.00000 0.100000 7.466667 0.057735 7.533333
4 14.80000 0.100000 5.800000 0.100000 9.000000
5 15.73333 0.152753 6.700000 0.100000 9.033333
Table 2.3. Hematocrit Concentration Before and After Induction of
Gentamicin

Baseline/Pre-test Data
Group Before Gentamicin After Gentamicin Mean
Induction Induction Difference
Mean Standard Mean Standard
Deviation Deviation
1 43.26667 0.208167 20.16667 0.152753 24.53333
2 39.56667 0.152753 22.33333 0.208167 19.40000
3 40.40000 0.100000 19.46667 0.152753 18.06667
4 42.23333 0.208167 21.33333 0.208167 22.76667
5 37.63333 0.152753 20.16667 0.152753 16.30000
Table 2.4. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Before and
After Induction of Gentamicin

Baseline/Pre-test Data
Group Before Gentamicin After Gentamicin Mean
Induction Induction Difference
Mean Standard Mean Standard
Deviation Deviation
1 35.72000 0.192873 33.26667 0.438444 2.45333
2 41.02667 0.152753 33.05333 0.505206 7.97333
3 37.13000 0.219317 33.43000 0.086603 3.70000
4 35.04667 0.165025 29.79000 0.288271 5.25667
5 41.80667 0.233524 31.41000 0.191572 10.39667
Table 3.1. Red Blood Cell Count After Treatment of Banana Peel (Musa
acuminata) Extract, the Negative Control, and the Positive Control

Parameters after 5th day

Group Concentration Dosage Mean Standard
Deviation
1 15 mL/kg 1 7.276667 0.015275
2 20 mL/kg 1 8.310000 0.010000
3 25 mL/kg 1 7.513333 0.020817
4 Negative control 0 3.773333 0.020817
5 Positive control 1 8.040000 0.026458
Table 3.2. Hemoglobin Count After Treatment of Banana Peel (Musa
acuminata) Extract, the Negative Control, and the Positive Control

Parameters after 5th day

Group Concentration Dosage Mean Standard
Deviation
1 15 mL/kg 1 14.73333 0.208167
2 20 mL/kg 1 15.70000 0.100000
3 25 mL/kg 1 14.66667 0.057735
4 Negative control 0 5.30000 0.100000
5 Positive control 1 15.26667 0.152753
Table 3.3. Hematocrit Concentration After Treatment of Banana Peel
(Musa acuminata) Extract, the Negative Control, and the Positive
Control

Parameters after 5th day

Group Concentration Dosage Mean Standard
Deviation
1 15 mL/kg 1 37.30000 0.100000
2 20 mL/kg 1 38.13333 0.115470
3 25 mL/kg 1 39.56667 0.152753
4 Negative control 0 19.16667 0.152753
5 Positive control 1 37.10000 0.173205
Table 3.4. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration After Treatment
of Banana Peel (Musa acuminata) Extract, the Negative Control, and the
Positive Control

Parameters after 5th day

Group Concentration Dosage Mean Standard
Deviation
1 15 mL/kg 1 39.51667 0.512087
2 20 mL/kg 1 41.16667 0.168622
3 25 mL/kg 1 37.07333 0.051316
4 Negative control 0 27.65333 0.415251
5 Positive control 1 41.15000 0.420357
 Table 4. Two-Way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05
Analysis of Variance (data excel)
Variable Marked effects are significant at p < .05000

SS df MS SS df MS F p
Effect Effect Effect Error Error Error

RBC (BASE) 5.09789 4 1.27447 0.003600 10 0.000360 3540.20 0.000000

RBC (AFTER) 4.42064 4 1.10516 0.002733 10 0.000273 4043.27 0.000000

RBC (CRUDE) 40.64289 4 10.16072 0.003800 10 0.000380 26738.75 0.000000

HGB(BASE) 3.9573 4 0.98933 0.160000 10 0.016000 61.833 0.000001

HGB (AFTER) 4.6093 4 1.15233 0.100000 10 0.010000 115.233 0.000000

HGB (CRUDE) 232.2333 4 58.05833 0.180000 10 0.018000 3225.463 0.000000

HCT (BASE) 59.0573 4 14.7643 0.286667 10 0.028667 515.03 0.000000

HCT (AFTER) 24.9360 4 6.2340 0.313333 10 0.031333 198.96 0.000000

HCT (CRUDE) 864.8373 4 216.2093 0.200000 10 0.020000 10810.47 0.000000

MCHC (BASE) 114.6670 4 28.66674 0.380800 10 0.038080 752.8030 0.000000

MCHC (AFTER) 29.4317 4 7.35792 1.149533 10 0.114953 64.0079 0.000000

MCHC (CRUDE) 383.3882 4 95.84704 1.284867 10 0.128487 745.9688 0.000000

 Summary
• Based on the results, the different Banana peel extract
concentrations has displayed a significant effect on Red
Blood Cell (RBC) count, Hemoglobin (Hgb) count,
Hematocrit (Hct) concentration, and Mean Corpuscular
Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) of physiologically
altered male albino rats. Furthermore, 15 mL/kg, 20
mL/kg and 25 mL/kg have the same adjusted effects on
the selected hematological parameters. However, 20
mL/kg shows the greatest yield in the increase on Red
Blood Cell (RBC) count, Hemoglobin (Hgb) count, and
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC).
On the other hand, 25 mL/kg shows the greatest yield
in the increase on Hematocrit (Hct) concentration.
 Conclusion
1. Banana peel (Musa acuminata) has anti-anemic
effect based on the data obtained on the Red
Blood Cell (RBC) count, Hemoglobin (Hgb) count,
Hematocrit (Hct) concentration, and Mean
Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
after the administration of the Banana peel
extract.
2. Concentrations of Banana peel extract prepared
were significantly effective on increasing the Red
Blood Cell (RBC) count, Hemoglobin (Hgb) count,
Hematocrit (Hct) concentration, and Mean
Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) of
male albino rats.
 Recommendation
• It is recommended to perform this test to
higher form of animals for further analysis.
• It is suggested to perform this research
with different research methodology to
ascertain the claim on the anti-anemic
effect of banana peel.