DESCRIPTIVE CHEMISTRY OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENT

Representative elements are the elements in Groups 1A through 7A, which have incompletely
filled s or p subshells of the highest principal quantum number.

Uniqueness Principle Diagonal Effect Inert-pair Effect

Electronegativity Effective nuclear charge Exist between the chemistry

- Decreases as down the
group
- Increases as toward
right of period
- Decreases as down the
group
- Increases as toward
right of period
of a group and the 2nd
member of next group
- similar pairs of elements in
different groups and period
The outermost s electrons are more
tightly bound to the nucleus in these
atoms, and therefore more difficult to
ionize or share. (often occur in group
13 - 16)

Electron affinity Atomic radius

- Decreases as down the
group
- Increases as toward
right of period
Ionization energy
- Decreases as down the
group
- Increases as toward
right of period
Happens in
- Increases as down the
- Small ionic size
group
- Closeness of the charge
- decreases as toward In Ga, In, Tl have larger
densities of their cations E.g :
right of period than normal effective
- Electronegativity The +1 oxidation state of Tl is
the most stable, while Tl nuclear charge (low
compounds are comparatively shielding effect)
Ionic radius rare. The stability of the +1
oxidation state increases in 4s, 5s and 6s electrons
- increases as down the
the following sequence. experience larger
group
- Decreases as toward effective nuclear charge
right of period
Al < Ga < In < Tl than expected - they are
more difficult to ionize.