BACKGROUND

PROBLEM STATEMENT

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

PROJECT TIMELINE

CONCLUSION

QUESTION & ANSWER

• Ancient world: Roman concrete as main
constituent in construction

• 19th century, OPC introduced by Joseph Aspdin

• OPC concrete, used twice as much as other

construction material in the world

• 1978 : Geopolymer introduced by Davidovits

• Geopolymer uses CRM (usually waste from

industry) to replace cemeny as binder

• 1986 : Introduction of SCC in Japan

• Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) :
combination of technology of SCC and
geopolymer concrete

• Addition of super plasticizer to improve workability

• SCC : Eliminate vibration and compaction from

procedures

• SCGC : Ease the operation (SCC) and reduce cost

(GC)
• OPC : Involve calcination of cement clinker

• OPC: 1 tonne production releases 1tonne CO2

• Consumption of cement increase 5% / year

• Usage of OPC: Lead to environmental effects

• 3rd biggest contributor of GHG : 7-10% contribution

to worldwide CO2 emission

• Fly ash : abundantly worldwide, limited utilization

• 1998 : 390 M tonne production , 15% usage

• Common procedure : compaction to eliminate
honeycomb, stone pockets and entrapped air

• Inadequate compaction : large no. of voids and

segregation

• If not done properly, may affect the strength and

durability

• High cost to repair or maintain works with defected

concrete

• Performance of SCGC is still questioned

1. To observe the effect of alkaline solution on the
reinforcement bar in SCGC

2. To evaluate in-place tensile strength of SCGC

Casting of SCGC

Placing
Mould
Preparing Mixing and oven
opening
baking

• Ingredients :
Fly ash (binder), alkaline solution, sodium silicate,
super plasticizer, aggregate

• 3 period of age: 7 , 28, 56 days

• Various concentration of alkaline solution : 7-8

mixes
Pull out test

• Using UTM machine

• Once the data is obtained, which is ultimate

load (kN), formula will be applied to find the
result.

• The average bond strength value is calculated

assuming a uniform distribution along the
anchorage length Lb (mm):

where P (Nt) is the applied load and Db (mm) the diameter of the test bar .
• Sustainability development

• Creative

• Time-management