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Analysis and Design of Warren Truss Bridge Using
Analysis and Design of Warren Truss Bridge Using
External Guide
Mr.Sekar
Coimbatore Digital Land Surveyor
Introduction
• The Warren Truss uses equilateral triangles to spread out the loads on the bridge, The
equilateral triangles minimize the forces to only compression and tension. Interestingly, as
a load (such as a car or train) moves across the bridge sometimes the forces for a member
switch from compression to tension. This happens especially to the members near the
center of the bridge.
• This configuration combines strength with economy of materials and can therefore be
relatively light. The girders being of equal length, it is ideal for use in prefabricated
modular bridges.
Components of a Warren Truss Bridge
Components of a Warren Truss Bridge
Components Functions
Top Chord The most highly stressed compression members
Bottom Chord The most highly stressed tension members. Connections may be welded, bolted or
riveted.
Diagonal Chord These members could be diagonals and verticals and may be subjected to tension and
some to compression
Portal Bracing These are located at the ends of a truss to carry the lateral forces from the top chord
level to the bridge bearing Located at the end posts or rakers.Provide end supports to
the top lateral bracing system.
Top Bracing and Placed between the top chords and bottom chords of a pair of truss, they are provided
Bottom Bracing for distributing the transverse loads to the lateral system. Also for providing torsional
rigidity to the truss frame
Strut/Cross beam Used for supporting the deck slabs
Deck In a road bridge, the deck slab can act as a stiffening member between the trusses.
Plan and Specification
Span : 100m
Width Of deck : 10m (Two lanes with each 3.5m and side walk 1m on each side)
Material Grade
Concrete M30
Steel Fe250
Support Condition:
One end is pinned and the other end is roller.
Modelling in SAP2000
Sections defined:
Section Property
Section Object Type NumPieces Total Length Total Weight Shape
m kN
Top chord Frame 22 176. 677.361 Box section
Wind loads:
Deformed shape due to vehicular load Deformed shape due to Dead load
Analysis using Sap2000
Top Bracing and floor beam fail in design check and hence the sections
has to be revised
Revised Sections:
Element Section to be used Dimension Material used
(mm)
Shear force due to Shear force due to Shear force due to wind load
Dead load Vehicle load taken by portal frames alone
Analysis using Sap2000
Results-1
Number of bolts;
For 3281kN number of bolt = 24
For 2175kN number of bolt = 16
Design Composite Deck Slab
Design data
fck = 30MPa
fy = 250MPa
Thickness of slab 200mm
Partial safety factor:
For DL=1.4
For LL=1.6
Spacing between the beams = 2m
Width of the slab =10m
Load calculation:
Construction stage
Self weight of slab = 14.4kN/m
Construction load =1.5kN/m
Total design load =22026kN/m
Design moment = 278kNm
Composite stage:
Self weight of slab = 14.4kN/m
Load from floor finish = 1.5kN/m
Live load =10.33kN/m
Design load = 38.788kN
Moment = 484.85kNm
• “Indian Standard – Code of practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures – Part 3 – Wind Loads” – IS 875(Part 3)-2015”
• “Standard Specification and Code of Practice for Road Bridges-IRC6-2017”
• “Steel structures-Design and Practice” , N.Subramanian
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