VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)

and
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)

Marc Khayat, CCIE #41288

Technical Manager, Cisco Networking Academy
30 May 2019
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2
 Hello, I’m a switch
• Propagate VLAN info across a switched with VLAN 10,20,30
network
And I’m a switch with
• Cisco proprietary VLANs 10,20,40

• Versions 1-2 support normal VLAN range.

V3 also supports extended range.
• Supported on Packet Tracer Hmm.. I got only 40.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
 VTP Components Definition
Consists of one or more interconnected switches.
All switches in a domain share VLAN configuration details using VTP advertisements.
VTP Domain
Switches that are in different VTP domains do not exchange VTP messages.
A router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of each domain.
Each switch in the VTP domain sends periodic global configuration advertisements from each
trunk port to a reserved multicast address.
VTP Advertisements
Neighboring switches receive these advertisements and update their VTP and VLAN
configurations as necessary.
VTP Modes A switch can be configured as a VTP server, client, or transparent.
VTP Password Switches in the VTP domain can be also be configured with a password.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
 VTP Question VTP Server VTP Client VTP Transparent
Manages domain and Updates local VTP Manages local VLAN
VLAN configuration. configurations. configurations.
What are the VTP client switches VLAN configurations are
differences? Multiple VTP servers cannot change VLAN not shared with VTP
can be configured. configurations. network.
Allows extended VLANs
Does it respond to Only forwards VTP
VTP advertisements? Participates fully Participates fully advertisements
Is the global VLAN Yes, global No, global No, local VLAN
configuration configurations are configurations are configuration is only
preserved on restart? stored in NVRAM stored in RAM only. stored in NVRAM

Does it update other

VTP-enabled
switches? Yes Yes No

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
• Summary advertisements – These inform adjacent switches of VTP domain name and
configuration revision number.
• Advertisement request – These are in response to a summary advertisement message
when the summary advertisement contains a higher configuration revision number than
the current value.
• Subset advertisements – These contain VLAN information including any changes.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
• Advertisements sent every 5 minutes
• Destination MAC: 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC (CDP/VTP/DTP/PAgP/UDLD)
• Supported on 802.1Q and ISL
• Sent on VLAN 1 (even if Native VLAN is changed)
• Default config: no domain name, version 1, server mode

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
• Adding a switch with a higher revision number will override all VLANs in the network.
• Different VTP settings cause issues in trunks might result in issues in negotiating trunks,
port-channels or VPC

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10
• Negotiate trunk on inter-switch links Hello, I’m a switch
with default config
• Cisco proprietary
Hey there, I’m
running on default
• Supported on Packet Tracer config too!!

Ok, so our link

should be …?

Hmm… good
question.

Fine. Call it on 3.
1… 2… 3!!

Trunk!!! Access!!!

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
 Mode Description

access • Unconditional Access.

• Will Trunk if other side prefers Trunk, otherwise Access.

Dynamic auto
• Default mode for all Ethernet interfaces.
• Prefers Trunk, but can be Access.
Dynamic desirable
• Default mode on some older switches.

trunk • Unconditional Trunk.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
 Port Mode Dynamic Dynamic Trunk Access
Auto Desirable
Dynamic Access Trunk Trunk Access
Auto
Dynamic Trunk Trunk Trunk Access
Desirable
Trunk Trunk Trunk Trunk Limited
connectivity
Access Access Access Limited Access
connectivity

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
• Messages sent every 30 sec
• Destination MAC: 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC (CDP/VTP/DTP/PAgP/UDLD)
• Supported on 802.1Q and ISL
• Sent on native/access VLAN (802.1Q) and VLAN 1 (ISL)
• Enabled by default => think security => disable DTP

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
• Trunk mode mismatches
• Allowed VLANs on trunks
• Native VLAN mismatches
• VTP domain mismatches

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Thank you.