Fire Hazards

Victor Angelo Hermoso

Subject Team Leader – SHSDisReadi

Rytchielle Delas Armas, Harold Bautista, Aileen

Matibag, Nikko Den Miro
Instructors - SHSDisReadi
The Nature of Fire

• Fire is heat and light emitting

from the combustion of
oxygen and any combustible
material
• Has two main components:
– Flame – the matter part of
fire (producing heat)
– Light – the energy part of
fire
The Fire Triangle
• For fires to exist, one must
understand the elements that
create fire itself
• Heat is the source of ignition; it
starts the fire
• Oxygen is the limiter of fire; it
can either worsen or kill off a fire
• Fuel is the kindling for the fire; it
sustains a fire
Classes of Fires
Flame Retardants
• Flame retardants are simply any substance
that can starve off and, subsequently, put out a
fire
• They may be classified as:
– Natural – can put out common types of
fires
– Chemical – Can put out types of fires that
cannot be put out by natural means
• Each type of retardant has specific tools in
which they are employable for use
– Natural – Fire buckets and fire hoses
– Chemical – Fire extinguishers
I – Fire Buckets &
Fire Hoses
• Natural flame retardants are
always two kinds of materials:
Sand and Water
• Sand are always kept in fire
buckets and should only be used in
small-scale class B and K fires
• Water can be easily accessible in
any water source or in fire hoses
and is used as a primary control
measure to prevent the further
spreading of fire
II – Fire Extinguisher

• In the absence of fire buckets and fire hoses,

fire extinguishers are often in place
• Fire extinguishers also serve as a primary
control measure to prevent a fire from
spreading even further in a given area
• They contain chemical retardants which
specialize in putting out fires inextinguishable
by either sand or water
IIA – Parts of a Fire
Extinguisher
• Valve Assembly – Controls or regulates the flow of the
flame retardant contained
– The handle allows for gripping, handling, or
transporting the fire extinguisher
– The pull pin or metal-locking pin prevents
accidental discharge of the flame retardant
– The tamper seal keeps the pull pin from falling
out
– The metal release lever with dip tube draws up
the flame retardant for expulsion
– The pressure gauge indicates how much pressure
is contained within the fire extinguisher and tells
you if the fire extinguisher can still be used
IIA – Parts of a Fire
Extinguisher
• Hose and Nozzle – Directs the flow of the fire
retardant as it flows out of the tank
• Tank – a flat-bottomed, domed top container
that contains the flame retardant
– The flame retardant is the chemical itself
that puts out the fire
– The propellant is an agent, usually
compressed air, that pushes out the
flame retardant as it flows out of the tank
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• Water fire extinguishers contain

water or a water-based retardant
that makes any surface moist to
keep it from igniting
• It is often used in putting out class
A fires
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• Aqueous Film Forming Foam

(AFFF) extinguishers contain a
foam that forms a film on a surface
that prevents re-ignition of a fire
• It is often used in putting out class
A and B fires
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers

contain CO2 and often has a big
nozzle and produces a loud noise
• It is often used in putting out
electrical fires
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• ABC or dry chemical extinguishers

contains a powder that extinguishes
a fire by removing the oxygen
component of the fire
• As its name suggests, it is often used
in putting out class A, B, and C fires
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• Water mist extinguishers is an

extinguisher engineered to have a
supersonic nozzle that produces a
mist curtain that reduces the oxygen
element of the fire
• It is the recommended extinguisher
for all classes of fires
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• Wet chemical extinguishers contains a

pressurized alkali salt solution that
produces a soapy barrier that retards the
fire
• It has a lance applicator attached to it to
better direct the retardant
• It is a recommended extinguisher for class
F fires
IIB – Types of Fire Extinguishers
and When are They Used

• Halon extinguishers, as its name

suggests, contains halogens that
chemically disrupts combustion
• It is often used for class B and C fires
• Has been phased out in recent used
because it contributes to the
depletion of the ozone layer
IIC – Hazards of Fire
Extinguishers
• The chemical mixture in fire extinguishers are known health hazards,
and they often disrupts the optimal health function of children, as their
immune systems are relatively weak
• Some of these health hazards include:
– Endocrine disruption
– Immunocompromisation
– Poisoning of the reproductive system
– Disprution of normal fetal and infant development
– Impairment of the neurologic function
Conflagration
• Conflagration is the worst
fire hazard any area can
experience
• It is an extensive fire that,
if not brought under
control immediately, can
destroy land or property
Responding to Fires

• Before a fire…
Responding to Fires

• During a fire…
Responding to Fires

• During a fire…
Responding to Fires

• After a fire…
– Protect the site from further damages due to weather or
vandalism
– If you are the owner of the place that burned down, see to it
that no one can enter the vicinity
– If you are just the tenant, contact the landlord/lady
immediately
– If you can, get any valuables before leaving the site
Responding to Fires

• After a fire…
– Check for any water-damaged appliance before
turning them back on
– Check for structural damage and report all damages
to proper authorities
– Check all utilities for damages and report them as
well