THE UNSEEN SIDE

OF PARENTS
THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PARENTS IN DISCIPLINING THEIR CHILDREN
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• Parenting is preparing children for life as
productive adults and discipline strategies are
needed to achieve it like non-aggressive,
psychologically aggressive and physical
discipline. The effects of disciplinary strategies
on children are well explored as evidenced by
existing studies, local and international laws and
active international organizations which are all
brimmed towards child protection but status quo
shows a profound scarcity of studies engaged in
the effects of disciplining the child on the parent .
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• The goals of parenting are commonly consistent across cultures
which includes keeping children safe from harm, helping them
progress through developmental stages, and guiding their
moral orientation (Lewig, Arney, & Salveron 2009)
• American Psychological Association(2014) stated that parenting
practices around the world share three major goals: ensuring
children’s health and safety, preparing children for life as
productive adults and transmitting cultural values.
• In the Philippine setting, the parents have the basic authority to
raise their own children alongside with the community. The love
and care of the child is evident by providing the basic needs, by
teaching them the Filipino culture and by correcting them thru
various strategies to instill discipline.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• If parenting involves the processes of child rearing practices then
discipline strategies are needed to achieve it. Researchers like
Straus, M and Douglas, E (2007) referred to discipline strategy as
behaviors by parents in response to and intended to correct
misbehavior of the child. In the field of child development, discipline
strategy refers to methods of modeling character and of teaching
self-control and acceptable behavior' (Papalia, WendkosGids&Duskin
Feldman, 2006).
• These discipline strategies are utilized by parents to achieve a goal
of discipline so that the child obeys and respects. The Free
Dictionary Fourth Edition (2009) defines discipline as a training
expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior,
especially training that produces moral or mental improvement.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• Knowledge of the range of disciplinary tactics used by
parents and of parental beliefs and attitudes to
discipline strategies is, therefore, essential in order to
promote and support effective and constructive parental
discipline responses with children and young people
(Halpenny, Ann Marie ,Nixon, Elizabeth and Watson,
Dorothy, 2009).
• The Philippines has enacted laws that protects children
against different forms of abuse and violence, and
dealing as well with child discipline, such as Republic
Act 7610 Republic Act 8369 and Presidential decree
603.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• Undeniably a cliché known in the Philippines, “No
parent can withstand his child but a child can
withstand his parents” best explains the
phenomenon why parents in our country uses varied
forms of discipline. A key message to emerge from the
present study is the need to consider parental discipline
strategies within the broader context of the changing
Filipino family dynamics of parenting. These are the
reasons why we are conducting the study, mainly to
understand the experiences of parents when they are
disciplining their children.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
RESEARCH DESIGN
Descriptive Phenomenological

LOCALE
The study was conducted in Tuguegarao City. The
selection of the informants was done in Carig sur with 5
informants, Tanza with 1 informant, Iguig with 1
informant, and San Gabriel with 1 informant.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
INFORMANTS:
• There were 8 informants included in the study, with 2
fathers and 6 mothers who uses the different
disciplinary strategy to their child/children and who are
willing to be part of the study. These participants are
currently living in Tuguegarao city.
• Informants were selected using Purposive Snow ball
sampling method
• The point of saturation was met after interviewing 6
informants with the same statements then finding 2
atypical informants. The atypical informants were
described as those who use both aggressive and non-
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
DATA GATHERING TOOL:
• The researchers utilized the direct interview method
when gathering data from informants. The materials
used in gathering data were the following gadgets:
cellphones and tablets / iPads used for voice recording
and cameras for video recording. The use of voice and
video recording were dependent on the preference and
convenience of the informant. If the participant refused
to use voice and video recording, paper & pen were
utilized to write down the important details.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
DATA GATHERING TOOL:
• The interview started with the use of the structured
question. The structured general question was, “Ano
po ung mga karanasan niyo tuwing nagdidisiplina
kayo?” Then unstructured questions were used to
gather more data based on the initial response of the
informant. The questions were not pre-arranged, which
allowed flexibility of the interview. This helped bring out
the multiple faces of reality, while at the same time it
allowed the researchers to develop appropriate
questions. Informants were given time to respond to the
questions. Therapeutic communication was applied to
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE:

INFORMED CONSENT
PARTICIPANT SELECTION RIGHTS OF PARTICIPANTS
RESEARCH PROTOCOL

REFERRAL OF
PARTICIPANTS
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
DATA MANAGEMENT
• The Collaizi’s method was used for interpretation of the
data after the data have been gathered. It is used to
provide assistance in extracting, organizing, and
analyzing narrative dataset (Shosha, Ghada, 2010).
• Significant statements that pertain to the phenomenon
were extracted; these statements were recorded on a
separate sheet noting their pages and line numbers.
Formulation of meanings was done from the significant
statements. The formulated meanings were sorted into
categories, cluster of themes and themes.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Transcripts
-Identifying significant statements

Formulated meanings
- Aggregation of the formulated meanings

Categories, Clusters of Themes and Themes

- Integrating all the resulting ideas

Exhaustive Description of the Phenomenon

- reduction of the exhaustive description

Fundamental Structure
- returning to the participants

Validation of Exhaustive Description and its Fundamental Structure

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
History of Parents

Reasons Triggers

Desires for Child's

Well-being

Verbal
Disciplinary
Lived Experiences of Strategies
Parents in Disciplining
their Child Physical

Body Manifestation

Affective
Manifestation
Aftermath

Family Disagreement

Reflection
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
• This study concludes that disciplining a child is a
cyclical process. Disciplining a child was influence by
the behavior of the child, the past experience of the
parents and the goal of the parent for the child’s well-
being. As the child misbehave and disrespect his or her
parent and to address the child’s behavior the parents
will use any Disciplinary Strategy. This will result to
obedience of the child but it is accompanied with
astounding effects on the parent’s well-being either
positive or negative. The cycle goes on again if the child
misbehaves with the same behavior. Parents like
children also experience turmoil after disciplining their
child
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Parents should be critical in choosing Disciplinary
Strategy. It is seen on the study that negative
Disciplinary Strategy will also lead to negative effects
on parents, while positive strategy may more likely lead
to positive effects. To further explore the effects on
parents Disciplinary Strategies in terms of physical,
emotional, psychological and spiritual well-being, is
further recommended the researchers also
recommended triangulation of the study to include both
qualitative and quantitative method ,more intense and
comprehensive seminar of interpreting non-verbal and
using of multiple sites for data gathering. Also the use
of varied respondents such as single parent, married,