REPRODUCTION

 Definition
 PARTS

 Male reproductive system

 Female reproductive system

 MALE RPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 Normal anatomy

 Testis,
epididymus, vasdefrens,
seminal vesicle, prostrate, urethra,
penis
 FUNCTIONS OF TESTIS
 Sperm production

 Hormone production
GAMETOGENIC FUNCTION OF
TESTIS
 FSH sertoli cells maturation of
spermatids/stimulates oestrogen
production

 LH leydigs cells releases

testosterone
 SPERMATOZOA

 Head

 Neck

 Body

 Tail
 PUBERTY
 Age increases →hormone level increases →
changes in body→ matured spermatogenesis
 Secondary sexual characters

 General growth

 Body hair

 Voice changes

 Larynx enlargement
 TRANSPORT OF SPERM

 Testis
→ epididymis →vas deferens
→urethra
 Seminal fluid /semen

 Morning erection (why)?

 HORMONAL CONTROL

 Hypothalamus → FSH, LH
 FSH& LH

 Testosterone
REGULATION OF TESTICULAR
FUNCTION

Hypothalamus
↓
Anterior pituitary
↓
Testes (LH,FSH)
↓
testosterone
 CELLS IN TESTIS

 Sertoli
cells → Androgen binding
protein/inhibition

 Leydig cells →Testosterone secretion

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

 ANATOMY
 FEMALE HORMONES
 ESTROGEN
 PROMOTES OVARY DEVELOPMENT
 SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS

 MELANIN FORMATION

 PROGESTERONE
 PLACENTAL FORMATION
 MAINTAIN PREGNANCY

 SUPPRESS OVULATION
PUBERTY
PUBERTY
 Ovary
↓
Follicle
↓
Oestrogen+ progesterone
↓
Endometrium
↓
Glands proliferate
↓
Graffian follicle matured(14 days)(ovary)
FSH secretion stops
 Rupture of graffian follicle + ovum release
↓
Ovum release
↓
Corpus lutem(12-24 hrs)
↓
Progesterone
↓
Endometrium
↓
Prepare to receive fertilized ovum

Implantation no implantation
↓ ↓
Corpus lutem persists corpus lutem
degenerates
MENSTURAL PHASE(1-5days)
No fertilization
↓
No implantation
↓
Corpus lutem degenerates
↓
Corpus albicans
↓
Endometrium (progesterone decreases)
↓
sloughing of the layers
↓
Bleeding
 Fertilization
 Definition
 Zygote –single diploid cell

 How it occurs?

 Where it occurs?

 Explain the process

INVITRO FERTILIZATION
(test tube babies)
Administer gonadotropins
↓
Graffian follicle proliferates
↓
Remove ovum before ovulation
↓
Place it in medium
↓
Add spermatozoa
↓
Fertilization
↓
Till 8 cell stage
↓
Place it inside the mother endometrium
 GAMETE INTRA FALLOPION
TRANSFER
 Procedure same as above

 But place fertilized ovum in the

fallopian tube
 BIRTH CONTROL
 Contraception

 Coitus→→→ pregnancy
(contraception)
Methods
 Temporary

 Permanent
 TEMPORARY METHODS
 Barrier methods

 Sperm vagina
 CONDOM
For male
 Made of plastic

 Nirodh

 Procedure

 Uses: prevent pregnancy (wife)

 Prevents STD
 DIAPHRAGM

 For female
 Made of plastic

 Procedure

 Uses prevent pregnancy ,prevent

STD
 HORMONAL METHODS
 Pills ,implants,injections
 Contents progestin
 Action
 Interferes ovulation
 Stops conduction of ovum
 Thickening of endometrium
 Formation of thick mucus (vagina)
 MECHANICAL METHODS

 IUD-copper T
 Copper + plastic

 3 yrs

 Prevent pregnancy
 PERMENANT METHODS

Surgical methods
 Male :Vasectomy

 Female :Tubectomy.
VASECTOMY
TUBECTOMY