Topic

Real Numbers
What are real numbers?

 Definition - A real number is a value that represents a

quantity along a continuous line. The real numbers
include all the rational number and all the irrational
numbers .Real numbers can be thought of as points on
an infinitely long line called the number line or real
line.
 It is denoted by R.
 Example- ,e , etc.
Euclid’s division Lemma

Let a and b be any positive integers . Then there exists

unique integers q and r such that -

Euclid
Euclid Division Algorithm
If a and b are positive integers such that a = bq + r ,then every common divisor of a and b is a
common divisor of b and r , and vice-versa.
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Every composite number can be
expressed (factorized ) as a product of
primes and this factorization is unique
apart from the order in which the prime
factors occur.
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Important points-

 Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then we can

express x in the form p ∕q , where p and q are co-prime , and the prime
factorization of q as of the form 2n 5m where n ,m are non-negative integers.
 Let x=p/q be a rational number such that the prime factorization of q is of the
form 2n 5m where n, m are non-negative integers.Then x has a decimal
expansion which terminates .
 Let x=p/q be a rational number such that the prime factorization of q is not of
the form 2n 5m where n, m are non-negative integers.Then x has a decimal
expansion which is non-terminating repeating (recurring).
 Product of numbers=L.C.M * H.C.F.