JOINTS, MUSCLES,

LIGAMENTS, & TENDONS

Alpesh Chandrakant Jadhav

B.Sc. (Hons.) Sports & Exercise Science
Intern
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 BONE

• A Highly Vascular Living Connective Tissue in which The

Matrix is Calcified by the Deposition of “Calcium Phosphate”

• The Human Skeleton Consists of 206 Bones

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 CLASSIFICATION

• According to Position:
Axial
Appendicular

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 CLASSIFICATION

• According to Shape:

Long Bones (Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Femur, Tibia, Fibula)

Short Bones (Carpal, Tarsal)
Flat Bones (Sternum, Scapula, Ribs and Parietal Bone)
Irregular Bones (Vertebrae, Sphenoid, Temporal, etc.)

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 CLASSIFICATION

• According to Gross Structure:

Compact (Lamellar)
Spongy (Cancellous)
Diploic Bone

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Diploic Bone:

Inner & Outer Layer of

Compact Bone with
Bone Marrow & Diploic
Veins

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Adult Long Bone

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 MUSCLE

• A Contractile Tissue, which brings Movement of the Body.

• Types:
Smooth Muscles
Cardiac Muscles
Skeletal Muscles

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 JOINT

• Articulation Between 2 or More Bones

Classification

• Synarthroses (Without Joint Cavity)

Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints

• Diarthroses (With Synovial Joint Cavity)

Synovial Joint

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 FIBROUS JOINT

• Articulating Surfaces are connected by Fibrous tissue

• Very Little Movement Possible

• Types:
Sutures
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis

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 CARTILAGINOUS JOINT

• Articulating Surfaces are connected by Cartilage

• Types:
Primary Cartilaginous Joints
Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

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 CARTILAGINOUS JOINT

Primary Cartilaginous Joints:

• Articulating ends of Bones are
connected by a plate of Hyaline
Cartilage

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints:

• Articulating Surface is covered by
Hyaline Cartilage

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 SYNOVIAL JOINT

Articular Surfaces of the Bone

are Separated by a Joint Cavity
filled with Synovial Fluid

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 SYNOVIAL JOINT

TYPES:
• Plane
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Condylar
• Ellipsoid
• Saddle
• Ball and Socket

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 LIGAMENT

• A Short Band of Tough, Flexible Fibrous Connective Tissue which

connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint

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 TENDON

• A flexible but Inelastic cord of Strong Fibrous Collagen Tissue

attaching a muscle to a bone.

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