Journal Reading

Anatomy of The
Nose & Pharynx
Present by dr. Stanley Permana
Mentor by dr. Eka Yusuf Inra, M.Kes, Sp.A

Department of ORL University of Hasanuddin

 Abstract
Agenda Style
Successful airway management requires an
Contents
understanding
02 of the upper and lower airway
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01
structures and functions. The nose and pharynx
Contents
are important structures in the upper airway,
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providing: air quality control; protection of the

03 Contents
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lower airway; phonation and safe passage of

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food. 04 Contents
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 Overview of anatomy
The upper respiratory tract extends from the
anterior nares (nostrils) through the nasal cavities
and pharynx to end at the vocal cords. It has
lateral extensions that form the middle ear cleft
via the Eustachian tube, and several ostia (holes)
in the lateral wall of the nose, which connect to
the para-nasal sinuses
THE NOSE
 THE NOSE Paired Frontal Processes
The Upper Bony of The Maxilla
Portion
The Nasal
Bones
External The Paired Upper Lateral
The Cartilages
Nose Nasal
Bridge Lower Alar Cartilages

Nares
Anteriorly: Palatine Process Of
The The Maxilla And Palatine Bone
Nose Floor of Nasal (Hard Palate)
Cavity Posteriorly: Upper Surface
Of The Soft Palate
Anteriorly: External
Nasal Roof of Nasal Nose
Cavity Cavity Posteriorly:
Isert the Sub Title of Your Presentation
Cribriform Plate
Superiorly: Ethmoid
Sinuses
Lateral Wall Of
Nasal Cavity Inferiorly: Medial Wall
Of The Maxillary
Antrum
 C The Nose (1)
on Concha

ch
Media

Lateral

ae Wall of
Nasal

S
Conchae
Inferior

up Floor of
Middle Meatus
Conchae
eri
Nasal

Media
or Conchae
Superior
Inferior Meatus
Conchae Inferior Conchae
Media

Superior Meatus
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
 EPITHELIUM
• The major part of the
epithelium is ciliated
columnar epithelium Insert Your Image

• The anterior nares are lined

with stratified squamous Insert Your Image

epithelial
• The olfactory mucosa
located superiorly in the
nose is non-ciliated
columnar.
 BLOOD SUPPLY
The nasal mucosa is highly vascularized, which aids its function as
an ‘air conditioner’ for the lower respiratory tract. This unfortunately
leads to bleeding when traumatized.
Nerve Supply
THE PHARYNX
 THE PHARYNX
above the soft palate
and opens into the
posterior choana
Nasopharynx
In a child the nasopharyngeal tonsil or
The Pharynx
adenoid arises from the posteriore superior
wall and may completely fill the nasopharynx

The tonsils and adenoid form part of a ring of lymphoid

Oropharynx tissue surrounding the upper air and food passages
(Waldeyer’s ring)

Pyriformis Sinus

Laryngopharynx. Post Cricoid

Posterior wall of Pharynx

 Pharyngeal Wall
this layer comprises mostly
stratified squamous epithelium.
Epithelium
(Inner Layer) There are some ciliated
columnar areas adjacent to the
posterior choana of the nose.
This area of weakness is at risk
Pharyn Fascial of trauma during insertion of an
(Middle endotracheal or nasogastric tube
geal
Layer)
Wall this layer comprises
pharyngo-basilar fascia
These muscles work in a
Muscular coordinated pattern to facilitate
Layer swallowing
(Outer
Layer) this layer comprises constrictors
and elevators
PHARYNX MUSCLE