Mathematics form 4

Chapter 6
•Statistics III
 6.1 CLASS INTERVAL
• A set of data can be grouped into several classes
called class intervals.
• The upper limit is the highest value of a class
• The lower limit is the lowest value of a class
• Upper boundary of a class interval
= ½ (upper limit of the class + lower limit of the next class)
• lower boundary of a class interval
= ½ (lower limit of the class + upper limit of the previous class)
• Size fo a class interval
= upper boundary – lower boundary
Eg 1 : complete the class interval for
each of the set of data

Class interval
0 –4
5 ̶ 9
 Eg 2
Mass ( kg )
51 – 60
 Eg 3
Length ( cm )
21 – 25
 Eg 4 . Complete the following table
based on the class intervals given.
Class 10 – 19 101 - 115 44 – 48 2.5 – 2.9
interval
Lower limit
Upper limit
Lower
boundary
Upper
boundary
Size of class
interval
 Eg 5. Determine the class intervals for each of
the sets of data given the number of classes.

39 29 16 19 44 Highest value =
Lowest value =
21 10 47 34 13
Size of the class interval
23 34 42 15 19 =
12 17 28 15 35 =
=
37 24 43 24 49
Number of classes = 5 The class intervals are :
 Eg 6. Determine the class intervals for each of
the sets of data given the number of classes.

53 54 68 89 91 81 Highest value =
77 99 72 68 58 74 Lowest value =
Size of the class
65 74 52 82 95 55 interval
67 57 88 83 63 92 =
=
=
Number of classes = 5
The class intervals are
:
Eg 7. determine whether each of the following
class intervals is suitable for the data below:
40 27 77 42 62 44 76 78 98 46
48 81 51 29 80 31 63 32 82 50
84 25 90 40 60 35 30 37 27 59
65 70 52 38 71 66 72 68 93 95
(a) Class interval = 25 – 34 (b) Class interval = 25 – 30

size of class interval = size of class interval =

number of class interval number of class interval

= =
= =
Therefore not suitable/suitable. Therefore not suitable/suitable.
Eg 8 . Construct a frequency table for the given
sets of data
Mass of 20 students in kg
52 49 46 63 44 55 54 55 65 54
52 45 51 60 57 59 48 53 49 58
Mass (kg) tally Frequency
44 – 47
Eg 9. Construct a frequency table for the given
sets of data
0.8 1.3 2.1 2.0 0.5 2.4 2.4 3.1
0.7 3.5 2.2 2.9 1.2 3.0 1.8 2.8
0.7 3.5 2.8 0.7 2.5 0.9 3.0 2.9
3.0 1.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.1 2.5
Class interval Tally Frequency
0.5 – 1.0
6.2 MODE AND MEAN OF GROUPED DATA

1. Mode is the data with highest frequency.

2. Modal class is the class interval with the
highest frequency.
3. Midpoint of a class
= ½ ( lower limit + upper limit)
4. Mean of grouped data
= sum of (midpoint of a class X frequency)
total frequency
5. Range of an ungrouped data
= highest value – lowest value

6. Range of a grouped data

= midpoint of the last class – midpoint of the
first class.
 Eg 1 . Determine the modal class.
Class interval Frequency
(a) 20 – 24 5 Modal class =
25 – 29 11
30 – 34 15
35 – 39 12
40 – 44 9

(b)
Class interval Frequency
0.1 – 0.9 7
Modal class =
1.0 – 1.8 9
1.9 ̶ 2.7 8
2.8 – 3.6 9
3.7 – 4.5 13
Eg 2 . Calculate the midpoint of the
following class interval
Eg 3. calculate the mean from each of
the frequency tables.
(a) Class interval midpoint Frequency Midpoint x
frequency
0–9 3
10 – 19 2
20 – 29 7
30 – 39 6
40 – 49 5
Total
Mean =
 (b)
Class Mid point , Frequency ,
interval x f Mean =
0–4 4
5–9 7
10 – 14 3
15 – 19 9
20 – 24 6
25 – 29 1
 (c)
Class Midpoint, Frequency,
interval x f Mean =
3.1 – 3.5 7
3.6 – 4.0 3
4.1 – 4.5 2
4.6 – 5.0 5
5.1 – 5.5 4
 (d). Compare the mean calculated by using different
sizes of class intervals to the actual mean for the data
given.
7 3 15 17 24 18 Actual mean
28 9 11 13 17 27 =
9 8 20 32 16 6
17 12 15 15 25 30
(i) Calculate the actual
mean for the data
above.
(ii) Group the data into the following class intervals and
calculate the mean for each grouped data
Class Midpoint, Frequency ,
interval x f
mean =
1–5
6 – 10
11 – 15
16 – 20
21 – 25
26 – 30
31 - 35

7 3 15 17 24 18 28 9 11 13
17 27 9 8 20 32 16 6 17 12
15 15 25 30
7 3 15 17 24 18 28 9 11 13 17 27 9
8 20 32 16 6 17 12 15 15 25 30

Class Midpoi Freque

Mean =
interval nt, ncy,
x f
1 – 10
11 – 20
21 – 30
31 – 40
(iii) Explain how the size of class interval
affect the accuracy on the mean.
6.3 histograms
1. A histogram is a
vertical bar chart
grouped together.
2. The height of the
bars are
proportional to
the class
frequencies.
 Eg 1 . Draw a histogram based on each
of the following frequency tables.
Score Frequency Lower Upper
boundary boundary
1–5 3
6 – 10 5
11 – 15 8
16 – 20 7
21 – 25 4
26 – 30 2
 Eg 2.

Height frequenc Lower Upper

(m) y boundary boundary
2.0 – 2.4
2.5 – 2.9
3.0 – 3.4
3.5 – 3.9
4.0 ̶ 4.4
 The histogram shows the
Eg 3 . time taken to solve a
mathematical problem by
a group of students.
a. Find the total number of
students.
b. State the modal class
c. Determine the midpoint
of the modal class.
d. Calculate the percentage
of students who take
less than 25 minutes to
solve the problem.
6.4 frequency polygons
1. A frequency polygon is
formed by joining the
midpoint of each class
and its frequency by
straight lines.
Eg 1. draw a frequency polygon for the histogram.
 Eg 2. draw a frequency
polygon based on each of
the following frequency
tables.

Price / RM Frequency Midpoint

10 – 19 3
20 – 29 5
30 – 39 8
40 – 49 4
50 – 59 6
 Eg 3.
Temperature Frequency Midpoint
/⁰C

21 – 30 8
31 – 40 3
41 – 50 12
51 – 60 5
61 – 70 6
Eg 4. solve the following problems
The frequency polygon
shows the mass of
watermelons from an
orchard.
a. State the midpoint of the
modal class.

b. State the classes with the

lowest frequency.

c. Calculate the total

number of watermelons.

d. Calculate the mean mass

of the watermelons.
6.5 cumulative frequency
Complete the cumulative frequency
table.
 Complete the table and plot an ogive
Marks freque Uppper Cumulative
ncy boundar frequency
y

21 – 30 3
31 – 40 8
41 – 50 15
51 – 60 32
61 – 70 20
71 – 80 11
81 – 90 8
91 - 100 3
 Construct a cumulative frequency
table and draw the ogive.

Length/ frequen Upper Cumulat

cm cy boundar ive
y frequen
cy

12 – 15 6
16 – 19 8
20 – 23 10
24 – 27 12
28 – 31 4
32 – 35 2
6.6 Measures of dispersion
Ogive (cumulative frequency curve)
 Range for ungrouped data
= highest value – lowest value
Find the range of the b. 6.9 11.4 5.3 2.1
following set of 8.5
ungrouped data. range =
a. 1.2 3.2 6.5 4.5
3.8 4.2 7.2
range = c. 7 6 3 9 15 2
range =
 Range of grouped data
= midpoint of the last class – midpoint of the first class.

Range = Range =
Eg 1. determine the median, the first quartile, the third
quartile and the interquartile range

(i) Median =
(ii) First quartile
=
(iii) Third
quartile
=
(iv) Interquartile
range
=
 Eg 2.
(i) Median =

(ii) First quartile =

(iii) Third quartile =

(iv) Interquartile range

=
 Eg 3
(i) Median =

(ii) First quartile =

(iii) Third quartile =

(iv) Interquartile range

=
 Eg 4. solve the
problems
The ogive shows the heights of
students of standard 6.
a. State the total number of
students.

b. Find the number of students

with height less than 132cm

c. Calculate the percentage of

the students whose height
greater than135 cm.